教育、土地、資本、勞動力與失業率對經濟發展影響的跨國研究

A Transnational Study on the Contribution of the Education, Land, Physical Capital, Labor, and Unemployment Ratio to Economic Development

人力資本、土地資源、資本、勞動力，失業率與經濟發展有密切關係。上述生產因素與失業率，哪一項對經濟發展最重要呢？本研究以2010、2015、2016年各國的土地資源、資本、勞動力、高等教育在學率與失業率對國民生產毛額分析。結論顯示：土地資源、資本、勞動力與高等教育在學率對經濟發展都有正向影響，其中高等教育在學率對經濟發展的貢獻解釋力在29.4%至31.1%，在生產要素中最重要；其他三要素在三個年度不僅重要性都在它之後，且隨著年度推移對經濟發展貢獻僅在2.2%至10.5%。各國在三個年度的失業率對經濟發展具有負向影響，對經濟發展解釋力各為2.2%、2.8%、5.2%。代表各國經濟發展過程，除了生產要素重視，高等教育在學率具有關鍵影響之外，失業率也是不可以忽略因素。針對結論建議各國應持續人力資本投資、降低失業做為國家發展策略。本研究應證人力資本理論，並對各國發展有實務啟發、創新與貢獻。

Human capital, land resources, capital, labor, and unemployment rates is closely related to national development. However, among these production factors and the unemployment rate, which is the most important to economic development? The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of these factors to gross domestic per capita in 2010, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The results were as follows: The land resource, capital, labor, and the higher education enrolment rate have a significant and positive impact on development. Specifically the explanatory power of higher education enrolment rate to development was between 29.4% and 31.1%, which was the most important among the production factors. The other factors were important behind the higher education enrolment rate in the three years, but these factors also significantly contributed to the development between 2.2% and 10.5%. In the three years, the unemployment rate had significantly and negatively affected development, and its explanatory power for the development was 2.2%, 2.8%, and 5.2%, respectively. These meant that in the process of development, besides higher education enrolment rate being the key factor that impacts development, the unemployment rate also played a significant role which cannot be ignored. Thus countries continue investing in human capital, and reducing unemployment are important strategies for development. Human capital theory was proven to have practical inspiration, innovation and contribution beyond the development.