環境政策和經濟成長：事前管理或事後管制？

The growth effect of ex-ante and ex-post environmental policy

本文設立一個具有不完全競爭與環境外部性特質的動態一般均衡模型，據此探討事前的環境管理工具（如環境評估政策）與事後的環境管制工具（如污染稅政策及政府防治污染支出）對於經濟成長現象的影響。根據本文的研究發現，政府防治污染支出與污染稅這些事後的環境管制政策不但可以改善環境品質，而且可能可以同時刺激經濟成長。另一方面，事前的管理政策不但無法改善環境品質，而且將會傷害經濟成長。除此之外，本文同時也發現，若經濟體系事前的環境管理政策愈嚴格時，將會不利於事後環境管制政策的經濟成長效果。

This paper develops a dynamic optimizing macro model that highlights pollution externalities (on welfare and production) and market imperfections, and uses it to discuss the growth impact of both the ex-ante and the ex-post environmental policies. We show that the ex-ante environmental polices will deter the rate of economic growth; while the ex-post environmental policy may stimulate the economic growth rate. More interestingly, the beneficial effects of the ex-post environmental policies on the economic growth rate will become larger the looser the degree of the ex-ante environmental polices.