德國農村永續發展之研究

A Study on the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in Germany

農村永續發展涵括多個層面：首先在促進農村產業的持續發展以活絡農村經濟，使村民獲得生活改善，農村得以永續發展；其次加強農村公共建設，以改善農村的生活條件，使村民的生活品質得以提昇，安居樂業而愛鄉愛土以促進農村的永續發展；第三維護農村自然景觀與生態環境，以增加農村景觀的多樣性，獨特性及優美性，顯現農村生氣盎然的景象使農村更具吸引力而永續發展；最後則應充實村民社會文化方面的基礎與生活內涵，維護農村文物及傳統風貌，顯現農村的獨特風格，使村民對農村有其歸屬感及認同感，農村的鄉土文化才能永續發展。由於農村發展範圍涉及產業經濟，生活改善，自然保育及鄉土文化等層面，而具整體性與獨特性，綜合性與長久性。農村建設更有賴農村居民的積極參與，村民自發性的投入，使長久以來被遺忘了的農村特質及鄉土文化等，重新得到應有的認識與肯定，農村特有的活力與生氣盎然之景象可以持續，這些都是農村永續發展的最大保障。農村居民若能夠以其村莊為榮並且以能夠居住及生活其間為傲，農村永續發展之目標自可達成。德國在促進農村自力成長及永續發展的努力已有一段相當長遠的歷史，農業政策在促進農村整體建設及永續發展的機制上，也有許多發展經驗，因此藉由探討德國農村永續發展的機制，進而分析其可供我國借鏡之處，至為重要。

Sustainable rural development involves multi-dimensional aspects. First, it improves the continuous development of rural industries for energetic village economics, the available enhancement for village living conditions, and the village sustainable development. Second, it strengthens rural infrastructure, improves living standards, and then produces preferences on domestic village and land for sustainable rural development. Third, it maintains rural natural landscape and ecological environment for diversified nice rural characteristics and energetic situation. Finally, it is to fulfill social as well as cultural contents of villagers to preserve rural facilities and outlook. This has been recognized as rural culture in the mind of villagers. Rural development includes all improvements of rural economy, living and recreational environment through appropriate planning, preparation and implementation of various policies and measures, so as to create a long-term pleasant living environment outside urban area. Based on the objective of a sustainable development of rural areas, agriculture remains vital for our existence. By ensuring a wholesome nutrition with fresh food, and preserving the nature and cultural landscape, will help to preserve the diversity of rural life. Germany has put long-run efforts on the enhancement of rural self-growing and sustainable development. The mechanisms of German agricultural policy on the integrated rural development provide much experience to learn.