英文摘要 |
The nine stages of body-mind cultivation created by Chao-En Lin inherits the tradition of inner alchemy from the Ming dynasty. Although Wan-Chun Zhuo and San-Feng Zhang used to be seen as the direct source of the nine stages, a large volume of alchemical texts cited by Lin in his works proves that Lin’s philosophy and practice owe greatly to the inner alchemy tradition of the Song and Ming dynasties. Investigating these alchemical texts provides a more complete understanding of the nine stages. First, this study looks at the alchemical texts cited by Lin, which provide us references to The Daoist Canon and other alchemical texts that forms the tradition of inner alchemy in the Ming dynasty. Second, it uses Jiuxu zhaiyan neijingtu (《九序摘言內景圖》) to study the relationship between the pratice of the nine stages and the tradition of Daoist cultivation. Finally, this study attemps to rethink the role that the nine stages played in the development of inner alchemy and its diversity and richness in the Ming dynasty. |