縱觀穆斯林與基督宗教徒關係：古典、中古時期宗教文化的互動

Cultural and Religious Interactions in the Classical and Medieval Periods: A Critical Survey of Muslim-Christian Relations

西元七世紀前半葉，伊斯蘭在阿拉伯半島的興起與當時的基督宗教有必 然的關係，穆斯林對半島上的基督宗教徒應有認識，而《古蘭經》也一再 點出當時基督宗教的問題。伊斯蘭政權建立後，基督宗教徒成為被統治的 Dhimmi，他們在所謂的伊斯蘭Ummah中不僅保留自己的宗教傳統，更與穆 斯林做教義的交流；而且穆斯林政權亦重用基督宗教徒，使基督宗教徒在伊 斯蘭文明的發展中得以扮演重要的角色。即使如此，伊斯蘭與基督宗教的對 話在整個伊斯蘭歷史中持續不斷，衝突與融合皆有。從西元七世紀到十五世 紀之間，兩個一神信仰社群之間的互動突顯了「一神各表」的多元現象與共 同根源的一致性。本論文試圖就伊斯蘭帝國歷史現象，勾勒出古典與中古時 期伊斯蘭與基督宗教的關係。

 

The emergence of Islam in the Arabia in the first half of 7th century was certainly related to the Eastern Christianity there, and Muslims must have been familiar with the doctrines and rituals of their monotheist co-religionists, as the Qur’an often points out the problems of the Eastern Christian faith. After the establishment of the Islamic state, status of People of the Book (Christians and Jews especially), was thus turned into Dhimmis (protected people), who under the Muslim rule not only retained their religious traditions, but also had interactions with Muslims and served in the caliphate courts, so they played a significant role in the development of Islamic civilization and culture. As a result, dialogues between the Muslims and Christians in the course of Islamic history were continuously conducted no matter what conflicts or reconciliations took place. From the 7th to 15th centuries, the interaction between the two monotheist communities revealed the phenomenon of “one God in each’s worship” which reflects the common origins of Christianity and Islam. This article essays to draw a critical survey of the relations between Islam and Christianity in the classical and medieval Islam.