輪值祭祀的認同與變遷探討：以大隘聯庄中元祭為例

Identity and Change for Sacrifice Turns: Studies in Da Ai’s Ghost Festival

本文先透過大隘地區中元祭典歷史和文獻資料，解析大隘地區中元輪值奉祀制度規劃與輪值奉祀之需求，探討輪值奉祀形成設計對於區域社群的意義。其次，藉由各公號值年爐主代表人的訪談資料，瞭解各大爐主的輪值背景、輪值區域、輪值經歷、輪值問題與祭祀文化保存等問題，並經由各爐主保存的「調單」之取得，分析各爐主轄區內的參與調民組成和歷史脈絡。本文共蒐集20年分各值年爐主輪值奉祀統計資料，對於輪值奉祀活動之變遷進行解析。結論指出，輪值奉祀對大隘地區具重要歷史意義，是墾區家族榮耀凸顯與經濟實力的展現；另一方面，區域家族墾拓情感與權力網絡隨著輪值奉祀的衰落而改變。當族群間的認同與向心不復在，又於文化政策觀照的疏離之下，今日之輪值祭祀活動已經逐漸成為被遺忘的一段歷史。因此，提出建立各公號代表人培訓制度之建議，期許祭祀經營管理工作更加地成熟化與制度化，並引入文化創意與觀光元素來推展輪值祭祀活動，讓百年輪值祭祀文化得以保存與延續。

This article first tries to analyze the necessity and arrangement of the sacrifice turns in Da Ai’s annual Ghost Festival through its historical data and records in purpose of expounding the affiliations and changes between Da Ai’s sacrifice turns and its local Hakka people’s ethnic identity. Secondly, by interviewing main hosts who hold the sacrifice turns yearly during Ghost Festival, this article reports the background of the hosts, their responsible regions and experiences as well as the difficulties and future concerns of Da Ai’s sacrifice turns in modern days. In addition, studying “the rotation sheets” provided by these hosts and recorded the local Hakka people participation in sacrifice turns during past twenty years, this article depicts the declining participation in each host region and its historical context. Based on the collected data of twenty rotation sheets and further examining their numerical change, this research concludes the declination of Da Ai’s sacrifice turns and possible explanations of that change. The ultimate purpose of this article intends to point out the significant historical role of Da Ai’s sacrifice turns in consolidating the local Hakka regions to form prosperous Da Ai Reclamation in early age, which were once the power and economic center as well as the cohesive symbol of the local Hakka people. Facing the disappearance of Da Ai’s sacrifice turns in modern Da Ai area, this paper also suggests that the Da Ai hosts may consider some modern management system and reconstruct cultural meanings so as to revitalize the centurial ethnicity bond–sacrifice turns among Da Ai’s Hakka people.