論我國族群發展總體性政策

Establishing an Overarching Justification for Taiwan’s Ethic Development Policy

隨著我國社會的發展，目前已形成多元族群的國家，政府為了因應不同時間產生的族群生存處境與發展議題，制訂了不同的族群政策與法制。本文目的在於釐清我國族群發展的總體性政策，包含具體政策目標與法制重要議題。本文認為，我國族群的「總體性政策」含括兩個層次：第一個層次是憲法本文之族群平等規定、憲法增修條文之多元文化基本國策、司法院大法官解釋所構成之規範框架，以及國際公約對國內法與總體性政策之影響；第二個層次則從上述規範框架演繹出三個總體性政策：族群權利保障法制與落實、族群主流化、轉型正義。本文由此兩個層次的總體性政策往下演繹四個具體政策目標與其相關之法制重要議題如下：第一個具體政策目標為「維繫族群主體性與生存發展條件」，相關的法制重要議題為「平等與發展」、「語言與教育文化」；第二個具體政策目標為「解決族群間資源分配或爭議性議題」，相關的法制重要議題為「身分」、「自治」、「土地」；第三個具體政策目標為「調和族群議題與其他法律價值之衝突」，相關的法制重要議題為「傳統習慣」；第四個具體政策目標為「實施族群議題與政策主流化」，相關的法制重要議題為「組織調適」。

Taiwan has long been a multicultural society. It has five major ethnic groups, including indigenous peoples, Hakkas, Holos, Mainlanders, and new immigrants. Given the diversity of its population, in the past few decades Taiwan has created a range of policies for indigenous peoples and Hakkas. Nevertheless, Taiwanese people are still waiting for a comprehensive policy for its ethnic development. This article conceives a two-prong justification for the establishment of our future ethnic policy. The first prong provides a set of normative guidelines from the framework of the Constitution of R.O.C., some constitutional interpretations of Judicial Yuan and international laws. Under its normative guidance, the second prong further derives three policy areas: ethnic rights protection, ethnic mainstreaming, and transitional justice. This article then details four goals that we have to achieve. It argues that an overarching justification is desperately needed.