累犯與處斷刑加重之裁量：評大法官釋字第775號解釋暨後續實務裁判

Recidivists and the Decision of Aggravated Discretionary Punishment: Comments on the J.Y. Interpretation No.755 and the Subsequent Judicial Practice

本文討論大法官釋字第775號解釋中，針對累犯合憲性的釋字見解以及後續實務因應該號釋字所提出的解釋方向，由於本號釋字對於累犯加重處斷刑的法理定性不清，導致接續刑事司法裁判發生個案是否一律提高累犯處斷刑下限的嚴重爭議，大法官甚至在協同或不同意見書中提出南轅北轍的司法解釋建議。本文主張未來應修法廢除累犯，而在累犯修正之前，應從不法／罪責加重的雙重事由，依個案是否同時符合雙重加重事由決定累犯是否加重本刑之上、下限。

This article aims to discuss the constitutionality of recidivists illustrated under the J.Y. Interpretation No.755 and the explanatory directions resulted from the subsequent judicial practice. Serious disputes over whether to uniformly aggravate the discretionary punishment’s lower limit for recidivists have occurred as the Interpretation failed to clarify the legal reasoning for such punishment, and even the Grand Justices have provided different suggestions for judicial interpretations in the concurring or dissenting opinions. This article opines that we should amend the law to abrogate recidivists and determine whether to aggravate the upper and lower limits for recidivists in each case based on the satisfaction of dual aggravation causes (i.e. aggravated unlawfulness and culpability) before such amendment.