流行性感冒的快速診斷檢驗

Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Influenza

流行性感冒的快速診斷檢驗可以幫助臨床醫療進行診斷及公衛的調查，目前快速診斷檢驗的方法有快速抗原檢驗及快速分子檢驗，兩者都可以在30分鐘內提供檢驗結果，特異度皆大於95%，敏感度方面快速分子檢驗有90%以上，快速抗原檢驗用目視判讀結果的敏感度為50～70%，若使用數位免疫分析的檢驗方式以儀器進行判讀可以提高敏感度。美國食品藥物管理局在2017年對流感的快速抗原檢驗試劑更改標準，要求試劑必須確保每年對流行病毒株的敏感度至少要80%以上。快速分子檢驗除了提供正確迅速的檢驗結果，目前也發展出可同時檢測多種致病原的試劑，但檢驗費用高，其使用的醫療經濟效益有待進一步的研究。

Rapid diagnostic tests for influenza can help in medical diagnosis and public health investigations. At present, rapid diagnostic tests include rapid antigen test and rapid molecular assay, both of which can provide results within 30 min, and the specificity of each test is > 90%. The sensitivity is > 90% for the rapid molecular assay and 50%-70% for the rapid antigen test with visual interpretation. If the rapid antigen test uses digital immunoassay with instrument interpretation, the sensitivity could be even higher. The US Food and Drug Administration changed the standard for rapid antigen test reagents for influenza in 2017, requiring reagents to ensure at least 80% sensitivity in detecting the epidemic strains for every year. In addition to providing correct and rapid test results, rapid molecular tests have led to the development of reagents that can simultaneously detect multiple pathogens, although the cost of these tests is high. The medical and economic benefits of the use of these tests need further study.