《大般涅槃經．聖行品》所述禪法 及相關注疏的詮釋

A Study of Si Nianchu in the Shengxing Chapter of Mahā-parinirvāṇa Sūtra and the Related Exegeses

《大般涅槃經》自譯出後，在隋唐之前多有流傳，經中〈聖行品〉所述之 禪法，在當時亦受重視。〈聖行品〉為五行之一，講述菩薩之戒定慧學，其定 學內容為四念處。四念處觀於《阿含經》至《大般若經》皆有解說，依《涅槃 經》之論述，此四念處非只為二乘人修習，而是通達三乘的禪法，南北朝僧人 多習此經，亦知有依此文修習禪法者。本文依此脈絡，先探討《涅槃經．聖行 品》內容，經文由起信開始，敘述戒定慧學，並依融攝三乘的角度，對三學加 以解說，作為初學菩薩的入門。其中定學為四念處，包括不淨觀、白骨觀、觀 識非我、觀出入息、觀四大非我等，得出一切法中我不可得，由此斷除貪欲、 瞋恚，得入菩薩堪忍地。接著以《摩訶般若波羅密經》與《大智度論》關於四 念處之內容，說明此禪法菩薩亦應修習，及其四念處修習次第。再以代表南朝 的《涅槃經集解》、北地禪法的《涅槃經義記》，與隋代天台宗《涅槃經疏》 等三種注疏，分析其釋經理路，藉此呈現對〈聖行品〉的理解及其中定行對禪 法思想的影響。

 

The Mahā-parinirvāṇa Sūtra (《大般涅槃經》) is a popular Buddhist scriptures in Southern and Northern Dynasties since translated by Dharmakṣema (曇無讖). In this scripture, one chapter named ShengXing (《聖行》) mentioned about Si Nianchu (四念處, smṛty-upasthāna) and said Bodhisattva (菩薩) should learn and practice this meditation. Same idea could be seen in other Mahāyana scriptures, like Pañcavijśatisāhasrikā- prajñāpāramitā (《摩訶般若波羅蜜經》). Therefore, many Buddhist monks regarded it as an important classic and added explanatory notes to it. At present, there are three existing exegeses about the Mahā-parinirvāṇa Sutra: Dabanniepanjin-Jijie (《大 般涅槃經集解》), Dabanniepanjin-Yiji (《大般涅槃經義記》) and Dabanniepanjin- Shu (《大般涅槃經疏》). In these exegeses, they interpreted the Shengxing Chapter from different perspectives, which shows us how they understood the Chapter from their positions and how it influenced their meditation systems.