刑法第190條之1的不法規責與構成要件解釋

Attribution of Wrong and Interpretation of the Elements in Section §190-1 of the Criminal Code

2018年修法時，立法者刪除了刑法第190條之1的「致生公共危險」要件，使本罪轉為抽象危險犯。抽象危險犯屬於結果犯的下位類型，不法構成要件設定仍以結果要素為必要，亦即「污染」。不同於實害犯的實害結果，此種結果要素是指「以創成危險的特殊事件」（或稱中間結果），尤其是對外呈現出「法益侵害的危險徵象」。污染結果既是對外呈現出法益侵害的危險，而且亦須可歸責於污染手段的行為不法。因此，具有複合性與系統特殊性的環境媒介（水體、土壤、空氣）受有污染時，組成內容即有必要對外表現出可得感知的變化，又考慮到本罪在於保護生態與人本的雙重法益，那麼污染行為在解釋上則須是針對環境媒介之生態性運作的攻擊。

After the reform of criminal law in 2018, the feature of section § 190-1 of the Criminal Code “Danger to the public to causal” was deleted. Then the section § 190-1 of the Criminal Code caused by the will of the legislator as an abstract threat offense. Basically, the abstract endangerment offense is a manifestation of the success of the offense and the sanction is still a success realization required. In contrast to the infringement offense, the success mentioned here is to be understood as a danger-based event. Thus, the danger of infringement of rights is externally perceptible. Furthermore, this success must be attributed to the behavior wrong. As a result, the violation of the complex and system-typical environmental medium on the one hand be a visible change, and on the other hand, such a change mean nothing other than the prevention of ecological function of each environmental medium, because § 190-1 Criminal Code protects the organic - anthropocentric legal interest.