從涓滴模式探討倫理領導對企業社會責任與組織公民行為之影響

Trickle-Down Effects of Ethical Leadership on Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

本研究從涓滴模式的觀點，以社會學習理論與社會交換理論為基礎，探討倫理領導對員工知覺企業社會責任與組織公民行為的影響。由於研究構念涉及公司不同層次，所以受測對象包含低階主管及直屬員工，且為避免受測公司規模太小，難以執行相關企業社會責任的活動，所以共調查30家上市上櫃公司，最後回收112位低階主管及430位員工的配對問卷。本研究涉及高階主管、低階主管及員工三個層次，所以採用三層次的跨層次階層線性模式進行分析。結果發現在員工層次方面，員工知覺企業社會責任會正向影響員工組織公民行為。在跨層次的直接效果方面，高階主管倫理領導會正向影響低階主管倫理領導，高階主管倫理領導與低階主管倫理領導都正向影響員工組織公民行為，但是只有高階主管倫理領導會正向影響員工知覺企業社會責任。在跨層次的倫理領導涓滴模式方面，高階主管倫理領導會透過低階主管倫理領導，間接影響員工組織公民行為，低階主管倫理領導扮演部分中 介的角色。在跨層次的員工知覺企業社會責任中介效果方面，高階主管倫理領導會透過員工知覺企業社會責任，間接影響員工組織公民行為，員工知覺企業社會責任扮演部分中介的角色。研究結果讓企業了解高階主管倫理領導如何透過低階主管倫理領導，以及員工知覺企業社會責任，進而影響員工組織公民行為 。

 

Based on the social learning theory and social exchange theory, this study explored the role-model sources of employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), including top management, supervisor, and firm executing corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and investigated the effects of ethical leadership on the perceived CSR and OCB of employees from the perspective of the trickle-down model. Participants of the study included supervisors and their employees since the research involved different hierarchical levels of the company. The questionnaire was issued only to 30 listed and over-the-counter companies, based on the assumption that small companies cannot afford CSR campaigns. Finally, 112 supervisors and their 430 subordinates completed the survey. The study examined three ranking levels of top managers, supervisors and their employees; therefore, the analysis method was a three-level hierarchical linear model. The results revealed that the employees perceived CSR positively affects their OCB. Regarding the direct effect of cross levels, the ethical leadership of a top manager is positively associated with the ethical leadership of a supervisor. The ethical leadership of both a top manager and supervisor positively influences the OCB of employees; however, only that of a top manager positively affects the CSR perceived by employees. Regarding the trickle-down model of ethical leadership, the ethical leadership of a top manager positively influences employee OCB through the ethical leadership of a supervisor, which plays a partially mediating role. Moreover, the ethical leadership of a top manager positively affects employee OCB through their perceived CSR, which also plays a partially mediating role. The results suggested that corporations should understand how to exploit ethical leadership and the employee perceived CSR to enhance their OCB.