父母照顧學齡前期極低出生體重早產兒之經驗

Parental experiences rearing very-low-birth-weight children at preschool age

目的：瞭解父母照顧極低出生體重早產學前兒之經驗及心理感受。方法：採質性設計，研究對象為父母曾養育出生週數小於37 週且出生體重小於1500公克，該子女目前年齡介於三歲至六歲者，七位母親及六位父親參與一對一半結構式的深度訪談。資料採內容分析法分析。結果：歸納為三個主題：坦然面對持續關注、多方摸索隨機應變、調整生活忙中有序。“坦然面對持續關注”中包含“心態的轉折”、“潛藏與早產經驗的聯結”和“對未來成就順其自然”三個次主題。“多方摸索隨機應變”則包含“嘗試建立有效的互動關係”和“盡力訓練補強及追蹤”兩個次主題。而“調整生活忙中有序”包含“健康和教育資源的抉擇”、“家庭的管理及協調”和“親友的支持”三個次主題。結論：本研究中VLBW 早產學前兒之發展遲緩程度不一，整體來說父母們在照顧的過程中，雖然忙碌卻已能夠調適心態，並調配平時的時間選擇事情的優先順序使生活順利。然而照護團隊除了提供親職及醫療諮詢，未來研究也應該了解父母的長期身心健康狀態並給予支持。

Purpose:To understand parental perceptions regarding caring for their preschoolers who were born preterm at very-low-birth-weight. Methods: In depth interviews were conducted during home visits with 7 mothers and 6 fathers of preschoolers who were born preterm at very-low-birth-weight. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three themes and eight subthemes were generated. Theme one: “Accepting child’s developmental outcomes with continuous observation” contained three subthemes, “adjusting own attitude,” “recalling the memory of preterm birth” and “letting nature take its course.” Theme two: “Finding solutions for child-rearing issues” included “establishing effective communication with the child and teacher” and “providing therapies and activities to help follow the child’s progress.” Theme three: “Living a busy but orderly life” included “choosing health and educational resources to best fit the child,” “coordinating and managing family life” and “support from relatives and friends.” Conclusions: The developmental course of preschoolers born at very-low-birth-weight is varied. Overall parents were busy caring for their children but adjusted their attitudes and prioritized their time to smooth out their family life. In addition to providing medical and parenting consultation, health care professionals need to understand and support parental progress toward long-term physical and psychological wellbeing.