高中生血脂指數現況與異常因素之探討

Blood Lipid Profile Status and Factors Causing Abnormal Blood Lipid Profile of Senior High School Students in Taiwan

目的：了解台灣高中職學生體型、血壓、血脂指數、尿酸、飲食行為，並探討高中職學生不正常體型、血壓、血脂指數與尿酸濃度之影響因素。方法：根據2011 年第四次國民營養健康狀況變遷調查，有效問卷與實施體檢共1,029名有效樣本之資料。結果：高中職男、女生平均BMI 分別為22.5、21.5，體重過重或肥胖者均佔三成；總膽固醇過高者佔9.7%，以女生比例(13.2%) 顯著高於男生(6.2%)，LDL-C 與HDL-C 均以女生顯著較男生高；空腹血糖過高者佔20.1%、尿酸過高者佔12.2%，均以男生比例顯著多於女生。每週吃早餐、吃宵夜之頻率均以男生顯著比女生高，而三餐外食之頻率男女生均高達70%。飲食習慣方面以女生得分顯著較男生為高。男生以高三腰圍過大者的比例顯著較高一生高；飲食習慣總分越高其腰圍過大者的比例反而略高，吃宵夜頻率越高者腰圍過大的比例反而略低；女生方面，腰圍以在北一層者顯著比其他地區大，每週吃宵夜之次數越多者其腰圍過大的比例也反而略低。在總固醇/HDL-C比值，男生位於中部層、南部層者比北一層正常，每週吃宵夜之次數多者其比值異常的比例反而略低。男生每週吃早餐的次數越多其血糖偏高的比例著較低。高三女生尿酸顯著高於高一女生。結論：研究結果可提供學校及相關單實用的資訊，提醒高中生對身體健康的重視。

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the body type, blood pressure, lipid profile, uric acid level, and eating behavior of Taiwanese high school students. Influential factors were also investigated. Methods: A total of 1,029 valid samples were collected from the database of Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) IV, which included a questionnaire survey and health examination data of Taiwanese high school students conducted in 2011. Results: The average BMI of male and female high school students were 22.5 and 21.5, respectively. Thirty percent of respondents were either overweight or obese. There were 9.7% of students with high total cholesterol, and among them, the percentage of female students with high total cholesterol (13.2%) was significantly higher than those of male students (6.2%). Female students’ LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly higher than those of male students. Students with high fasting glucose accounted for 20.1%, with high uric acid accounting for 12.2%, and the percentages of male students were significant higher in both when compared to female students. Male students more often had breakfast and late night snacks each week compared to female students, while both male and female students’ frequency of dining out per week was 70%. Female students had significantly higher scores of dietary habits than those of male students. The percentage of male12th graders with an oversized waist circumference was significantly higher than that of male 10th graders. Male students with higher dietary scores tended to have a higher percentage of an oversized waist circumference, while students with higher frequency of having late night snacks tended to have a lower percentage. Female students’ waist circumference was significantly larger in North I district than other geographical areas. Female students with a higher frequency of having late night snacks on a weekly basis were less likely to have an oversized waist circumference. For total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, male students from central and southern areas tended to have higher percentages than normal compared to those from North I district. Male students with a higher frequency of having late night snacks on a weekly basis were less likely to have an abnormal ratio. Male students with a higher frequency of having breakfast weekly had significantly lower blood sugar. The percentage of female 12th graders with high uric acid level was significantly higher than that of female 10th graders. Conclusions: The results of this study provide practical information for high school administrators and relevant health care authorities to promote health awareness among high school students.