金山地區遊客的環境素養評估

An Assessment of Environmental Literacy of the Tourists in Jinshan

隨著臺灣觀光之蓬勃發展，遊客對遊憩的需求日增，當遊客在從事觀光活動時，有很多不適宜的遊憩行為會影響當地居民生活品質，進而造成遊憩區的環境衝擊。欲解決這些問題需要針對旅客不斷地宣導與教育，透過全民學習與參與，才是根本解決之道。環境教育的終極目標是培養具有環境素養的公民，環境素養的發展必須依循環境教育的理念與原則。透過環境教育提升全民的環境素養，共同維護環境，產生負責任的環境行為，以實際行動達到永續發展。本研究對象為金山地區之遊客，以量化方法進行研究，透過問卷調查，以瞭解遊客環境素養的角度觀察，研究目的為瞭解不同背景變項金山地區遊客所具備環境素養，並將其層面界定為認知領域、情意領域及保育行為意願領域，問卷發放範圍設定為金山老街、獅頭山公園及金湧泉溫泉會館。問卷共發放439份，無效問卷14份，有效問卷為425份。結果顯示環境素養認知的影響因素有遊憩目的、年齡、學歷和來金山次數；環境素養情意的影響因素有年齡和來金山次數；保育行為意願的影響因素有遊憩目的、交通工具和平均月收入。遊客的環境素養認知相對較低，尤其是對金山地區觀光資源的認知有待加強。環境素養之認知、情意和保育行為意願皆有正相關，但認知與保育行為意願相關較低，顯示環境素養的提昇不能只針對認知層面，更應加強情意的部分。未來針對金山地區在環境生態導覽解說、從事環境教育及制訂環境教育相關政策時，本研究結果可提供作為政府、教育單位等決策之參考。

With vigorous development of tourism in Taiwan and tourists' increasing demand for leisure activities, many tourists' inappropriate behaviors have affected the quality of life of local residents and created great impact on the recreation area. The fundamental solution to these problems is continuous advocacy and education of the tourists through public learning and participation. The ultimate goal of environmental education is to develop environmental literacy of citizens and this development must follow the concepts and principles of environmental education. Public environmental education aims to enhance the environmental literacy of citizens, jointly safeguard the environment, cultivate responsible environmental behavior and take concrete actions to achieve sustainable development. The study, which was targeted at tourists in Jinshan area, adopted quantifying method of research and was conducted through questionnaires in order to understand the perspective of tourists environmental literacy. The research aims to learn the environmental literacy variables and their impacts on tourists in Jinshan area, and its defining levels are: cognitive domain, affective domain, and conservation behavior domain. The results were obtained through questionnaires distributed to tourists in Jinshan Street, Lion's Head Mountain Park and Jin Yong Quan Spa Hotspring Resort. Four hundred and thirty nine questionnaires were sent out, of which 14 were invalid and 425 were valid. The results showed that the variables of environmental literacy awareness include purpose of the tour, age, education level and number of visits to Jinshan area; variables of environmental literacy affective include age and number of visits to Jinshan area; and variables of conservative behavior include purpose of tour, ttransport to Jinshan and average income. The results showed that tourists have relatively low awareness of environmental literacy; especially the awareness of Jinshan's tourism resources needs to be strengthened. Tourists' environmental literacy awareness, environmental affective and conservation behavior are positively correlated, but environmental awareness and the conservation behavior are lowly correlated, which indicated that the improvement of environmental literacy should not only depend on the strengthening the awareness dimension but also the affective dimension. The results obtained could be useful for government and education offices in establishing environmental and educational related policy for environmental and ecological guided tours in Jinshan area in the future.