銀髮族的方城之戰－－麻將桌上除了玩還有什麼？

The elderly's tabletop battle - besides playing, what else is on the Mahjong table?

麻將是銀髮族常見休閒活動，並具有非個人能獨立完成、需與他人互動之特性，本研究以銀髮族參與麻將活動之現象為主體，研究目的如下：（一）瞭解麻將活動對於銀髮族的意義；（二）瞭解銀髮族麻將桌上的社會現象。採用質性深度訪談法，研究地點於臺北老人服務中心與桃園社區關懷據點兩處，研究對象條件為年齡65歲以上且持續參與麻將活動至少2年的銀髮族，以立意取樣方式，共與9位受訪者進行訪談。訪談資料經ATLAS.ti軟體進行資料編碼，以紮根理論進行分析。研究結果發現，受訪者多肯定麻將活動能帶來正面效益，並有效促進身、心健康，在從事麻將活動的過程中，確實能獲得情感支持；金錢因素無法從麻將活動中切割，甚至是影響銀髮族參與麻將活動的因素；麻將活動對銀髮族具有社會交流之意義，社會交換理論能解釋原本從事麻將活動金錢實質上的利益交換，進而轉變成無形的情感交換；最後發現活動參與者在性別比例上具有地區性差異，推論與地區休閒活動資源的豐富度有關。

Mahjong is one of the common leisure activities of the elderly. It is a game that cannot be played by oneself and requires interaction with others. This study focuses on the phenomenon of elderly's participation in mahjong activity. The purposes of this study are: (a) to understand the significance of mahjong activity to the elderly; (b) to explore the social phenomenon of the elderly's mahjong activity. This research adopted qualitative, in depth interview methodology to explore the meaning of Mahjong activity to elderly people. Research sites include Taipei Senior Service Center and Taoyuan Community Care Center. The objects of research were the elderly who were above 65 years old and had played mahjong for at least 2 years. Purposive sampling method was adopted and nine respondents were interviewed. Data collected from the interviews were analyzed by grounded theory, after using ATLAS.ti software for data coding. The result showed that the respondents confirmed the positive benefits of mahjong activity. Firstly, it can effectively promote physical and mental health. Secondly, in the course of mahjong activity, the elderly can receive emotional support. Thirdly , oney factor cannot be removed from mahjong activity because it is an important element that motivate the elderly to participate in mahjong activities. Fourthly, to the elderly, mahjong activity implies social interaction. Social exchange theory can be used to explain how mahjong activity transcends visible benefits exchange and transforms into invisible emotional exchange. Finally, the result showed that the sex ratio of mahjong players varies with region and the abundance of regional recreation resources.