近代中國國術的教育政策推行與意義 (1928-1937)

The Implementation and Significance of the Educational Policy of Chinese martial art in modern China (1928-1937)

本文旨在瞭解近代中國國術的確立與發展過程，內文先闡述1928-1937年的時代背景，其次從教育政策來探討國術在學校體育與民間單位的施行情形，最後解析該時期的特性與定位。研究結果顯示：一、1928年中央國術館的建立，代表一種由官方為主導的國術組織系統正式出現。二、學校體育在國術教育的推行上，各省市成效不一。許多省、市、縣建立國術館，在組織管理與競賽方面，吸取西方近代體育的長處。三、1928-1937年在南京國民政府力求以體育救國、國術救國的理念，以及知識分子的筆墨渲染之下，國術/體育已在國人心目中種下救國的種子，成為身體技術強健的手段，與國家民族建構的利器。

 

The aim of this paper is to explore the era character of Chinese martial art and its implementation. This paper first elaborates on the background of the era from 1928 to 1937. Secondly, it explores the implementation of martial art in school physical education and civil units from the educational policy. Finally, it analyzes the ear characteristics and position of Chinese martial art. The result shows that the establishment of the Central Martial Arts Institution in 1928 represents an officially-led national organization system. All provinces and cities have different results in implementing martial art education in schools. Many provinces, cities, and counties have established martial art organizations and absorb the strengths of modern Western sports in organizational management and competition. However, Martial art in a turbulent era became a means of strengthening the physical skills and building a nation under the advocacy from the Nanjing National Government and intellectuals.