國小學童環境觀與環境經驗之調查研究－－台灣地區城鄉之比較

A Study on Environmental View and Environmental Experience among primary School Students : A Comparison between Urban and Rural Area in Taiwan

本研究在探討臺灣地區城鄉國小學童之環境觀與環境經驗及其差異，以為環境教材設計之參考。研究對象為臺北市及南投縣國小二、四、六年級學童。研究工具採結構式問卷，計有效問卷1740份。結果顯示，學童對環境建構內涵的認知以自然環境居多，人造環境最少，且有城鄉顯著差異，鄉村學童選擇人造環境選項者多於城市學童，而都市學童選擇自然環境選項多於鄉村學童。另外，居住城市、年齡愈高或父母社經地位較高者，對現有環境較不滿、對未來環境較悲觀、亦較傾向生態中心主義。年齡及居住地是影響學童環境觀的重要因子。學童原始經驗以聽、視、觸覺之體驗較多，嗅、味覺較少，但鄉村學童顯著較都市學童豐富。而多屬刻意性安排的戶外環境活動，則以都市或父母社經地位較高者顯著較多。因此，環境較育應及早實施並補強城鄉學童在環境觀與經驗上的差異。

The main purpose of this study is to explore and compare the environmental views and environ-mental experiences among primary school students in urban and rural area. The subjects were selected from Taipei and Nan-tou counties, with the total number of valid questionnaire being 1740. The results indicate that the most recognized construct of environment by the subjects is nature environment, and the least one is man-made environment. Those who living in urban area, higher graders, with higher socioeconomic status are more likely to be ecocentricism oriented, dissatisfied with the environmental condition, and pessimistic about future environment than their counterparts. As the aspect of regarding the environment experiences, rural children are more abundant in proto experience than urban children significantly. However, urban children take part in more organized outdoor environmental activities than rural children. The study recommend that: environmental education should be delivered to the primary school students as early as possible. Moreover, balancing the discrepancy between urban and rural students' environmental views and experiences is also an important issue.