趙樹理小說〈小二黑結婚〉評價之再審視

Review on the Evaluation About Zhao Shuli's Little Two Black Got Married

趙樹理（1906—1970年）一直致力於與農村主題相關的創作，初期所發表的作品並未受到重視，直到1943年發表短篇小說〈小二黑結婚〉，出版短短半年間，發行量高達四萬冊，創下新文學作品在農村銷售的新記錄。而其書寫農村、貼近農民生活的通俗化創作方向，被解讀成新型文學的經典，成為作家學習的樣板，追隨者爭相仿效，奉為「趙樹理現象」。但夏志清卻認為〈小二黑結婚〉是劣等作家所寫的反封建溫情小說。作者的愚昧、譁眾取寵的口語化語言及老生常談的反封建主題實在是一無可取。到底趙樹理的〈小二黑結婚〉藝術成就為何？喜之者譽之為「莊嚴美妙」，惡之者評之為「糟不堪言」，時至今日，仍未有定論。本論文擬對趙樹理〈小二黑結婚〉的評價再次地審視，藉以照見在文本與歷史交互辯證下，〈小二黑結婚〉在文學史地位的升沉，並重新定位其藝術價值。

Zhao Shuli (1906-1970) had always contributed to the writing about farm villages. Although his works of earlier stage were not received with appropriate emphasis, his short novel Little Two Black Got Married broke the sale record of New Literature in farm villages. Forty thousand novels were sold within half a year. Zhao Shuli’s writing focused on illustrating farm villages and popularizing farmers’ life and this writing style was considered as the canon of New Literature. He became the role model for writers; followers imitated him so much as to form a “Zhao Shuli Phenomenon.” Yet, Shia Chichin viewed Little Two Black Got Married as an inferior writer’s sentimental novel against anti-feudalism. Zhao Shuli’s stupidity, sensational colloquialism and cliché theme of anti-feudalism were all worthless. Then, what is the art achievement for Zhao Shuli’s Little Two Black Got Married? People fond of Zhao Shuli praised him for the “magnificence and wonder” in his writing; people who disfavored him criticized his writing as “worthless of discussing.” The academia has not reached a consensus until now. So, this essay plans to review the evaluation on Zhao Shuli’s Little Two Black Got Married in order to make clear the novel’s up and fall in the history of Chinese literature and to relocate the novel’s art value.