員警槍擊拒捕通緝犯的正當防衛爭議──評最高法院105年度台非字第88號刑事判決與其歷審裁判

Self Defense Concerning Deadly Weapon Use of Police: A Case Study of the 2016 Supreme Court Criminal Decision Taifei Zi No. 88

本文以一則最高法院廣受注意的實務判決為中心，討論警察開槍阻止拒捕通緝犯逃亡時，不小心致令其死亡的案例，其中關涉的議題包括「警察執法行為時可否主張正當防衛？」、「侵害行為有無應該事前或事後判定？」與「誤想防衛的法律效果為何？如何判斷是否成立過失犯？」，筆者認為這些問題都關涉我國正當防衛解釋適用問題的核心，可以透過本案判決的評釋而得到較具合理的答案。

This article focuses on a high-profile judgment of the Supreme Court and discusses a scenario in which the fugitive was shot to death by police when resisting arrest. Issues involved therein include “whether the police can assert self-defense during law enforcement”, “should the injurious act be determined in advance or afterwards,” and “what’s the legal consequence of putative self-defense? How to determine the constitution of a negligent crime?” The author opines that all of the above questions concern the core problems of how to apply and interpret “self-defense” and can be reasonably answered in light of the foregoing judgement.