探究國中青少年偏差行為組型及其改變情形

Investigating the Patterns and Transitions of Deviances for Junior High School Adolescents

國中階段是青少年行為改變的重要時期。青少年不僅可能同時從事多種偏差行為，在偏差行為組型上亦具有不同的樣態，其行為表現更可能隨時間的演進而改變或持續，然而，當前多數相關研究所採用的變數取向分析方法，卻未能有效探討國中青少年在行為表現上的複雜性、異質性與歷時性改變，因而導致有限的輔導資源無法發揮效益。有鑑於此，本研究以臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫的國中學生為對象，採個人中心的潛在類別分析與潛在改變分析，主要目的在於：一、檢視不同青少年群體在偏差行為組型上的異質性；二、探討偏差行為次群體及其行為組型的歷時性改變。研究發現：一、在國中不同教育階段中，青少年群體在偏差行為上確實具有異質性，並呈現出不盡相同的行為組型；二、青少年普遍存在著學習態度偏差問題，少部分兼具攻擊行為或／與性認知偏差；三、偏差行為次群體成員的行為組型同時存在著持續性與歷時性的改變。其中，學習態度與性認知偏差較具有持續性，並可能隨時間的演進加劇，而大多數抽菸、喝酒或嚼檳榔等行為，可能屬於好奇，會隨時間經過而消失。於文末，根據研究結果形成結論，分別針對不同階段青少年群體，提出相應的輔導實務建議。

Junior high school is a critical period for adolescents with respect to behavioral changes. Adolescents may not only engage in multiple deviances but also exhibit various patterns of deviances. Moreover, their behavior may change or may remain unchanged with time. Most studies that use the variable approach analysis method for investigating delinquency are insufficient for examining the complexity, heterogeneity, and longitudinal changes in deviance. Moreover, counseling resources are limited and thus may not alleviate delinquency. Therefore, in this study, the deviant pattern and its longitudinal changes were investigated in junior high school students selected from TEPS through latent class and latent transition analyses. The main objectives of this study are to examine the heterogeneity of deviances in the adolescent population and to investigate the longitudinal changes in deviant subgroups and their behavioral patterns. The results indicated the following: (1) Heterogeneous subgroups of deviances were observed in the junior-highschool adolescent population, and the subgroups exhibited relatively different patterns of deviance. (2) In general, the adolescents revealed deviance in learning attitude (DLA), with some of them exhibiting behavioral aggression or/and biased sexual cognition (BSC). (3) The patterns of the deviant subgroups comprised both stable and longitudinal changes. The DLA and BSC were consistent and possibly reinforced with time. Behavior related to smoking, drinking, or chewing areca may be due to curiosity and may disappear with time. Conclusions are drawn based on the results, and corresponding counseling suggestions are proposed for adolescents at various school levels.