制度壓力與創新能力對於組織多元回應策略之影響：以臺灣企業對高齡化人力資源管理措施之採行意願為例   全文下載

The Effects of Innovative Capabilities and Institutional Pressure on Multiple Firm Response: A Taiwan Survey of HR Practice for Aging Workforce

各國政府紛紛展延法定退休年齡，以減緩失業率與財政負擔。本研究視高齡人力資源措施為組織因應高齡員工延退政策之做法，並透過社會與技術觀點，整合社會制度與技術創新觀點，釐清制度壓力（即組織公股程度）、組織創新能力（彈性與效率）、制度採用階段（前期與後期）與採用高齡人力資源措施頻率之關聯性。本研究發現有三：首先，組織公股程度與高齡人力資源措施的採用受到制度發展階段所影響。儘管高公股程度可強化其感知「高齡員工延退」制度壓力，但由於採行新制度與經營績效具有衝突，故該組織仍傾向於後期（延緩）增加採用高齡人力資源措施的程度。其次，組織彈性可提升公股程度於制度發展前期採用高齡人力資源措施。最後，組織效率可提升公股程度於制度發展後期採用高齡人力資源措施。透過537家臺灣領導企業之調查，本研究主張得到實證支持。本研究整合社會制度與技術創新效果，以延伸制度理論於公股程度於採用高齡人力資源措施頻率上之解釋力。

Many governments extend the retirement age to cope with the problems of unemployment and fiscal burdens. This study regards new practices for their aging workforce as the way to follow the requirement of government. Based on a sociotechnical perspective, combining with social institution and technological innovation perspectives, this study aims to clarify the elusive relationships among institutional pressure, such as state ownership, innovative capabilities, the degree of adopting aging HR practices for an aging workforce and the timing of adoption. We hypothesize and test three arguments. First, the relationship between state ownership and aging HR practices is affected by the stage of the institutionalization. That is, although the firms with high state ownership are supposedly subject to the policy-complying pressure, they prefer to adopt aging workforce practices in the later stage of the institutionalization because the HR practices may not be consistent with organizational goals in the beginning. Second, organizational flexibility could enhance the relationship between state ownership and aging HR practices in the early stage. Finally, organizational efficiency will increase the relationship between state ownership and aging HR practices in the later stage of the institution. These arguments were empirically supported by a sample of 537 industrial firms in Taiwan. This study contributes to increase the explanatory power of institutional perspective upon the relationships between state ownership and aging HR practices by socio-technical perspective.