陪審員決策的特性與偏差研究——行為實驗的視角

Characteristics and Bias of Jurors Decisions:

陪審制度是現代司法審判的一個重要制度，也是我國司法改革的一個重要的試點領域。本文以實驗研究為主要方法，以博弈策略和認知實驗的結論，對陪審員關於案件事實的判斷能力和公正性方面進行了實證及哲理的分析，從而得出普通人陪審員具有相當的判斷能力和公正性的結論。同時，本文簡要介紹了西方行為法學派已有關於陪審員的認知偏差模式及相關的研究模式。在此基礎上，對我國日後陪審制度的實證實驗研究進行了展望，並嘗試提出可供研究的重點方向，如法官指示、陪審團模式與大小、個體與團體、證據規則和表決規則等。這些問題的研究對於我國陪審改革試點工作及今後的陪審制度建設具有部分參考意義。

The jury system is an important system in modern judicial trial, with the reform of judicial system in our country，which has stepped into the pilot stage. This study, adopting the experimental research as the main method, from the conclusions of game strategies and cognitive experiments, analyzes the jurys judgment and impartiality using an empirical and philosophical method in the case facts and believes that ordinary jurors have fairly good judgment and impartiality. Meanwhile, this study briefly introduces the current cognitive bias model about jurors and related research models in western countries, which forecasts the jury empirical study in days to come, and puts forward some research directions, such as judge instructions, the pattern and size of juries, individuals and groups, evidence rules and voting rules, etc. The study of these issues is of great significance to the reform of jury trial and the construction of jury system in China.