首爾的地方行政與都市治理

Seoul's Local Administration andMetropolitan Governance

首爾位於韓半島中部漢江流域，為大韓民國首都。過去由於軍事統治和計劃經濟的帶動，使此一距離北方邊界不遠的城市，竟畸形地一極化發展成為超大都市，人口占有韓國五成，經濟產值更高達九成。由於都市化規模的擴大，使得原先由人工圈定的首爾特別市行政區劃無法迅速應對自然的聚落擴張步伐，因而超越轄境的都會區地域集合體乃隨之出現，而都市居民的生活圈域與地方自治體統治範圍的一致性遂益發不可得。此則可能在都會區發生全盤規劃的缺乏、行政服務的落差，以及公民參與的局限等問題。首爾市和鄰近的各行政區如何共同面對與處理此一問題，正是本文關心之所在。首爾經驗，正就是吾人研究都會區治理的最佳個案。

Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea, is located in the Han River side of the central Korean Peninsula. Past military rules and the planned economy drove this city, which is not far from the northern border, to abnormally and unilaterally develop into a mega city, which occupies 50 percent of the population and 90 percent of national economic output. Due to the scale of the expansion of urbanization, the originally artificial defined administrative divisions of Seoul Special City can’t quickly respond to natural human settlement expansion, and thus the metropolitan area aggregate developing across different geographical jurisdictions subsequently appeared. It is gradually impossible to make people’s living area consistent with local government jurisdiction. This may lead to some problems such as a lack of holistic planning, a gap between administrative service and need, as well as the limitations of civilian participation and so on. What is concerned in this paper is how Seoul Special City and neighboring boroughs together face and deal with these urban problems. Seoul experience can be seen as the best case of metropolitan governance studies today.