歐洲大學整併經驗探究與啟示

University Mergers and Integration in Europe

歐洲於2000年起開始逐漸推動大學整併，主要目的在使教育經費更有效運用，即是以績效為基礎的校務經費運用（performance-based funding），藉由大學校院整併聚集更多優秀人才與資源，吸引外籍學生就讀及爭取更多的研究資金，並強調跨學科學習，以培養歐洲未來發展所需人才。臺灣面臨少子女化衝擊，亦強調各大學校院藉由整併達到資源整合、強化教育經費運用績效及提升國際競爭力目的。本研究運用文獻分析及文件分析法，就歐洲大學協會所提出大學校院整併報告內涵進行分析，並運用教育部統計處大專校院概況統計資料，進行次級資料分析，瞭解臺灣大專校院校務發展現況，並就研究結果提出四項具體可行建議：一、臺灣試行大學系統或聯邦模式推動公私立大學整併；二、鼓勵大學校院整併時應同時考量降低生師比；三、強化博士班教育並於大學部課程融入研究能力；四、提升大學跨領域教學及終身學習能力。

Since 2000, Europe has promoted university mergers, with the main purpose of making more efficient use of the funding for education, which is performance based. Moreover, these efforts are aimed at focusing resources and attracting more foreign students, increasing research funding, and emphasizing interdisciplinary learning to cultivate the talent required for Europe’s future development. Taiwan is facing problems associated with a declining birthrate; therefore, it would also benefit from resource integration, increasing performance-based funding for education, and enhancing international competitiveness. For the development of universities in Taiwan, a literature review and document analysis were conducted to analyze the European University Association’s project “Designing strategies for efficient funding of higher education in Europe” as well as the impact of relevant factors, and secondary data analysis was performed to examine statistical data obtained from the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education. The results indicate that Taiwan can (a) use the university system or federal mode to promote mergers and integration of public and private universities, (b) encourage universities to reduce the student–teacher ratio, (c) strengthen doctoral education and the research capability of undergraduate students, and (d) enhance interdisciplinary teaching and lifelong learning in universities.