共和學家vs.教育學家：法國近30年來教育思想的論戰   全文下載

Republicans Versus Pedagogues: The Education Debate Over the Past 30 Years in France

本文探討法國近30年來「共和學家vs.教育學家」（républicains vs. pedagogues）在教育上的論戰。本文發現，事實上不存在著「共和學家」與「教育學家」的「陣營」，而是為了方便大眾理解，由媒體與報刊（與共和學家）所進行的陣營區分。「共和學家vs.教育學家」對於教育的論戰，必須追溯至法國大革命時期，當時在政治上與教育上的論述與彼此之間的論戰。1970到1980年代，「共和學家vs.教育學家」在教育上的論戰，是最為激烈的時期，由對於法語教學持不同看法的保守者與改革者成為論戰的開啟者。此時（直至今天）也有許多關於這些論爭大量的教育論著，並出現了法國教育場域特有的概念：「反教育學主義」（anti-pédagogisme）與「唯教育學獨尊者」（LaPédagogite）這些字詞概念。本文從這些概念與脈絡中，分析共和學家的「反教育學主義」的思想核心，以及教育學家回應的立論核心要點。文末，則由「教育的苦口良藥vs.甜美雞湯？」的角度，反思在承襲傳統與推動改革上，教育所扮演的角色與意義。

This article investigates the education debate between the republicans and the pedagogues over the past 30 years in France. The article first notes that no camps self-identify as ‘‘republican’’ or ‘‘pedagogue’’; these classifications are applied only by the media and the press (also the republicans) to help the public understand the situation more easily. The education debate between the republicans and the pedagogues can be traced back to the period of the French Revolution, during which the two had their respective discourses and debates on politics and education. From the 1970s to the 1980s, the education debate between the republicans and the pedagogues came to the most aggressive state; the debate initiated in the disagreement between the conservatives and the reformists. During that period and today, numerous educational writers have participated in this debate; phrases such as anti-pédagogisme (anti-pedagogism) and La Pédagogite (a person who advocates pedagogy only) are concepts that are exclusive to the education field in France. With these concepts and historical references, this article analyzes the essence of the republicans’ anti-pédagogisme, and the principal argument that the pedagogues make against it. This article explains the theme of ‘‘the bitter medicine versus the delicious soup for education.’’ This article considers the role and meaning of education in the context of inheriting tradition and in the context of reforming education.