室內裝修建材黴菌生長因素及防黴性能之研究

A Study of Evaluating Fungal Growth and Influencing Factors on Interior Decoration Materials

黴菌生長在潮濕環境或水損建材的問題日益嚴重，這些黴菌孢子對居住者及建築物均會產生不良的影響。目前臺灣尚未建立黴菌生長於裝修建材的標準試驗方法，且相關研究多為高緯度國家。因此，本研究旨在建立一套建材的黴菌生長試驗系統，連結試驗菌種與建材間的關聯，並予以一防黴等級。研究選取三種室內建材上常見的潮濕性指標真菌作為試驗菌種，分別為黑麴菌、小刺青黴菌及葡萄穗黴菌。此外，為模擬水損建材與使黴菌生長情形更具有檢驗效益，本研究將所有建材（2種石膏板、1種矽酸鈣板、3種水泥板及8種木板）浸潤於無菌水1小時後，計算其保水率。在25°C及95% RH的環境下培養28天後，觀察黴菌生長的起始時間及面積，並轉換為生長速率，並分析不同建材與菌種間的關聯，以及建材保水率對於黴菌生長的影響。本研究建立一完整且具經濟效益的建材黴菌試驗方法，並系統性的評估建材的防黴性能，此結果可進一步提供相關單位作為防黴檢驗的參考指標，亦可給予裝修業更多額外評量建材之依據，以利提升居住的環境品質及健康。

Fungal growth in damp or water-damaged building materials is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Unfortunately, there is still no national standard in Taiwan for evaluating fungal growth on building materials and most of the related studies and methods are not suitable for these. Therefore, this study creates a method for evaluating the degree of fungal growth on building materials. The three moisture indicator fungi（A. niger, P. spinulosum and S. chartarum）were used as test microorganisms. Futhermore, to provide for a more efficient analysis of fungal growth, all the test materials（2 for gypsum board, 1 for calcium silicate board, 3 for cement board and 8 for wood board） were wetted with sterilized water for 1h, and then had their Water Holding Capacity（C_water）calculated. All of the test samples were incubated under controlled conditions（25 °C, 95% RH）for four weeks. The mold growth rate（M_slop）was calculated using the initial mold growth time （M_log）and the mold growth area （M_area）. Finally, we used M_slop, M_area and C_water to analyse the relationship between different building materials and test strains.This study established a semi-empirical model for evaluating the degree of fungal growth on building materials, and has shown to protect indoor environments from mold development effectively.