從探索斯騰伯格智力三元論的觀點探索數理資優生與一般生的差異

Exploring the Differences between Mathematically Gifted Students and Their Regular Peers through the Perspective of Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

本研究比較四個理論模式去驗證斯騰伯格智力三元論的效度，同時檢視數理資優生與一般生在智力三元論中三種智力上的差異。整個研究歷經兩年，包含兩個試驗研究與一個正式的大規模研究，正式研究徵召來自台灣北中南9所國民中學851位的國二學生，在這些參與研究的學生當中，有178位為數理資優生。四個理論模式分別基於智力三元論、傳統心理表徵的因素理論、先前的相關研究以及g因素，結果呈現基於g因素的模式之適配度優於其他三個模式；數理資優生在三種智力以及12個分測驗上的表現皆顯著優於一般生。此外，此研究的發現在相關文獻中進行比較討論。

This research study compared four theoretically based models to test for the factorial validity of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence. The differences between mathematically gifted students and their regular peers in the three aspects of intelligence proposed by the triarchic theory were also examined. This research consisted of two pilot studies and one formal large-scale study. In the formal study, 833 eighth graders (178 mathematically gifted and 655 regular students) were recruited from nine junior high schools located across Taiwan. The results of model comparison demonstrated that the g-based model showed a better fit to the empirical data than the other models. Moreover, mathematically gifted students identified by the traditional achievement and aptitude tests outperformed their regular peers in three aspects of intelligence proposed by the triarchic theory and in all 12 subscales. The findings were discussed in the context of the existing literature.