戴著鐐銬的舞蹈：法律與文學中的解釋

Working on the Chain Gang: Interpretation in Law and Literature

關於法律解釋，存在這樣兩種代表性的觀點：一種觀點認為，法官在裁決案件時只是在嚴格地解釋制定法和判決，揭示法律中已經存在的簡明意義；另一種觀點則認為，法官的法律解釋只不過是其個人意願或主觀政治傾向的反映。在《作為解釋的法律》一文中，德沃金力圖在上述客觀解釋論和主觀解釋論的立場之外找到第三條道路，他通過將法律解釋類比為“連鎖小說”寫作的“連鎖活動”，認為解釋是對那種由“不勝枚舉的裁決、制度、慣例和習慣”所組成的制度史的拓展和延伸，它既不是純粹客觀性的，也不是完全主觀性的，而是一種受限的創作，猶如戴著鐐銬的舞蹈。由於中心議題及其解答方式方面的近似性，這種將法律實踐與文學批評實踐聯系在一起的觀點無疑是正確的，且頗具啟發性，但兩者之間也存在著重要的差異。通過對這些差異進行具體分析，我們會發現，德沃金並沒有一以貫之地堅持自己關於法律解釋的獨特見解，而是一再地陷入他所強烈質疑的那種純粹客觀性和純粹主觀性之謬誤之中。

There are two representative views on the legal interpretation: a point of view that judge in the adjudication of cases just in strict interpretation method and decision making, to reveal the laws that already exist in the concise meaning; another kind of view believes that the judge’s interpretation of law is just reflect the wishes of the individual or the subjective political intention. In the as the interpretation of the law, "a text, Dworkin tries to find a third way beyond the position of the theory of objective interpretation and subjective interpretation, he through the legal interpretation of the analogy between the chain of novel writing" chain ", think the explanation is on the history of the system that is composed of the" greatly enumeration award, systems, practices and habits of the expansion and extension. It is neither a pure objectivity, is not completely subjective, but the creation of a kind of constrained, like wearing shackles dance.