從法治國家觀點──論警察尾追酒駕肇禍的國賠責任

Analyzing State Compensation Liability from the Perspective of a Country under the Rule of Law When Police Officers Follow Drunk Drivers in Hot Pursuit

行政機關執行職務不可以像對待敵人一樣，使用「奇襲」手段。國家應屬「公德整合體」，公務員職務行為須具有實質正當性。憲法對公務員之國家賠償責任係採「自己責任」，其職務行為的違法性以是否違反「保護規範職務」為斷，警察如已明知駕駛人有酒駕情事，不加勸阻，已屬違反「保護規範職務」，其後加上不必要的「尾追」，該行為具有「雙重不法性」，對於車禍是故的發生，具有相當因果關係，應負國家賠償責任。

Administrative agencies, while performing their duties, should not use “raid” as against the enemies. States should be the “integration of civism” and government officials should perform their duties with substantive legitimacy. State compensation liability for government officials are deemed as “self-responsibility” under the Constitution, and the legality of officials’ duties are determined by whether it violates the “protective norms duty”. Police officers who know the facts of drunk driving and fail to take actions already violate their “protective norms duty”, and will constitute “double unlawfulness” if followed with unnecessary hot pursuit. Consequently, the government will be held liable since the police officers’ behaviors will be the proximate cause to the traffic accident.