高齡失智者室內居家環境設計準則之研究

The Research on Design Principle of Indoor Home Environment for Seniors with Dementia

根據2015年內政部統計台灣失智總人口約24.4萬人，目前約有9成之患者居住在家中，由於失智症為不可逆之精神疾病，營造友善舒適之居家環境有助於延緩病程。失智症患者並非喪失自我照顧能力，可以透過適當的環境塑造與生活的支持達到繼續生活的能力，不但可減少照顧者的負擔，也可兼顧失智者之心理狀態。本研究採用專家團體法、問卷法，就23位失智症患者及家屬進行問卷。研究結論為1.高齡失智者之行為障礙以焦躁不安與辨識障礙最多 (48%)，其次為幻覺妄想(43%)及徘徊遊走與憂鬱自發性減退 (26%)。2.室內居家環境設計準則，除了一般原則外，還需考量正向刺激、安全性、辨識性、可及性及可實踐性。3.以失智者為中心的居家環境設計。本研究成果將供新建建築與舊建築進行環境改造時參考，期望能達到高齡失智友善環境之營造。

According to the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics in Taiwan the population of seniors with dementia is 244.000, and there are about 90% of seniors living in their original houses, because dementia is immutable mental illness, so to build the aged friendly interior environment for the senior with dementia could slowing disease. People who have the dementia are not losing their self-care ability. Therefore, if they have the appropriate environmental and the life support, they still have the self-care ability with the appropriate environmental and the life support. That’s not only can reduce the burden for caregivers, but also can take care with the mentation for the seniors with dementia. In this research, observation and study 23 seniors with dementia, through focus group interview with the experts and questionnaire with the caregivers and patients. The results are as follows: 1. Behavioral disorders are most happen at impatient, and identification-ability (48%). Then, its hallucination (43%). After that, it’s wandering walk and melancholy spontaneity loss (26%). 2. Design principle of indoor home environment. Besides that, still have to consider about the positive stimulation, safety, identification-ability, availability, and practicality. 3. Design principle for the living environment based on the needs for the seniors with dementia. This research result could create a design guidebook about the space perception and design principle of the elderly people with dementia, which can be used as a renovation reference for ordinary people, and construction industry. In the end, to build the aged friendly environment for the senior with dementia.