漢代「傳」中的父老與里正

Fulao and Lizheng in Zhuan-Travel Documents during the Han Period

本文改釋居延漢簡、肩水金關漢簡若干釋文，較全面地蒐錄漢代通行證「傳」中所見父老、里正史料，以探究父老、里正在取傳過程中所扮演的角色。結論認為里正負責登錄取傳者年長物色等資料，父老、里正為取傳者「毋官獄徵事」等資格提供證言，兩者目的皆在於補足、強化鄉所掌握的文書記錄。里雖不參與文書行政，卻對文書行政發揮輔助效用。

This paper reinterprets some of the transcriptions from the Juyan and Jianshui jinguan wooden slips and makes a thorough collection of zhuan (one of the official travel documents in the Han period) that mention fulao (Elder) and lizheng (Village Head) of the li (a village, or a ward if within a city), and accordingly explores the roles that fulao and lizheng played in the process of getting a zhuan. This paper concludes that lizheng was responsible for registering age, height, skin color, and other personal information of the applicant, while fulao and lizheng both had to testify that the applicant was qualified for getting the zhuan. Both of them provided supplements to the written records of documents held by xiang (township) officials. In other words, although the village or ward did not directly deal with bureaucratic paperwork, it complemented the administrative documentation system.