由OECD國家之經驗探討國際研發外溢效果

Probing the International Spillover Effects through the Experiences of OECD Countries

基於中國與韓國之研發費用在近十年的快速成長，以及中韓兩國加入後全球研發在各國間的穩定分布所呈現之變化，本研究設定G5 與中韓等七國為世界主要研發國，且為國際研發外溢的主要來源，並將經由主要研發國貿易夥伴所接收之間接研發外溢納入考量，以檢視國際研發外溢對OECD 國家生產力成長與產業競爭力之影響。將OECD 會員國區分為主要研發國與非主要研發國之實證結果顯示，直接外溢對主要研發國之總要素生產力與產業競爭力均呈現正向影響，而間接外溢雖然是非主要研發國技術進步的成長動力來源，但卻對於非主要研發國的產業競爭力具有排擠的效果。若進一步考量間接研發外溢透過生產力成長所產生的間接效果，本研究則發現間接外溢對於非主要研發國的產業競爭力能產生正向的影響效果。因此，在分析國際外溢效果的影響程度時，無貿易第三國透過其貿易夥伴間接接收主要研發國傳遞的研發外溢理應被納入考量。

In light of the rapid growth of South Korea and China’s R&D expenditure and the change of global R&D distribution since the two countries emerged into world R&D club, the present study attempts to investigate R&D spillover effects from the seven R&D countries including G5, South Korea and China. In addition to direct spillovers, we also take into account indirect spillovers from the seven R&D countries while examining the impact of international spillovers on the productivity growth and industrial competitiveness of the OECD countries. The sample countries are divided into two subgroups including major R&D countries and rest-of-OECD countries. Empirical results indicate a statistically positive effect of direct spillovers on major R&D countries’ productivity growth and industrial competitiveness. For the group of rest-of-OECD countries, indirect spillovers are found to be a driver for productivity growth but in the mean-time a crucial factor that can dampen industrial competitiveness. However, when taking into account the indirect effect that indirect spillovers work through productivity growth, the results suggest indirect spillovers can generate positive effect on industrial competitiveness for the rest-of-OECD countries. Therefore, it is important to incorporate the notion of indirect spillovers explicitly into modeling the impact of international spillovers.