所得相對剝奪感與健康關聯性分析

The Analysis of Relative Deprivation in Income and Health

本文利用國家衛生研究院與國民健康署於2005年國民健康訪問調查之全國性抽樣資料，以Yitzhaki (1979) 所建構相對剝奪感指標為基礎，並以聯立方程式設定實證模型，運用三階段最小平方法，探討所得分配不均所造成的相對剝奪感對健康的影響。實證結果大抵顯示，男性個人相對剝奪程度愈大者，其健康狀態較差，支持相對剝奪假說；女性則顯著性較低。在個人負面健康行為的估計上，在男性上，當個體間所得不均所引起的相對剝奪感愈大，會顯著增加吸菸、喝酒、嚼檳榔等負面健康行為風險程度；女性的顯著性則較低。相對剝奪程度愈大者會顯著增加負面健康行為風險程度，且其健康狀態較差。因此，為能抑制國人對負面健康行為過度依賴，或許當從改善貧富不均之根源做起，此亦是政府在擬定相關政策時所應重視的。

By using the 2005 National Health Interview Survey obtained from the National Health Research Institutes and Health Promotion Administration, the aim of this investigation is to investigate the association of relative deprivation with health status. Appling Yitzhaki Index developed by Yitzhaki (1979) and three stages least square method with two-equation simultaneous model to explore the relationships. The empirical results show that the relative deprivation is an important factor in health status for men and support the relative deprivation hypothesis. The degree of significance is lower for women. And the results also support the higher relative deprivation increasing the degree of smoking, drinking or betel nut chewing for men, which indicates that the negative health behaviors plays an important transmission on the relationship between relative deprivation and health status. The degree of significance is lower for women. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the income inequality, especially avoiding the more consumption from negative health behaviors.