國外「會靈山」旅程的儀式結構與意涵：高雄靈靜宮的案例

The Ritual Journey Structure and Meaning of Converging toward Overseas Spirit-mountains: A Case Study on Kaohsiung Lin-Gin Temple

本文的旨趣，在挖掘存在於台灣民間信仰中，由私人宮壇執行的國外會靈山旅程的知識及組成結構，並藉以釐清此現象具有的意義，以及行動者（會靈者）個別性的（狀態）轉化。本文依據2006年，以及2008年至2010年間，高雄市靈靜宮（化名）的田野調查與深度訪談資料進行描繪與分析。結果發現，靈靜宮國外會靈山活動運行的循環架構為：夢境→意會→行動→印證→堅信→夢境；其知識體系包括了結因果、累積陰德、會聚元靈、修煉靈體；而會靈者實踐宗教儀式性的行動意義，涵蓋「進入」（飲食與服飾對身體的控制）、「體驗」（驅難儀式與道行升級），與「脫離」（身格晉升與新身分認同）等階段。再者，此種宗教實踐旅程是以台灣為中心，呈顯出一種「跨國境化」與「擴大串連」的「融合性儀式」。靈靜宮會靈者將國外會靈山活動視為一種責任義務，在信仰實踐的旅程中，為自己創造了與世界和社會互動的機會，同時也找到了歸屬感。

This study aims to explore the knowledge and the ritual structure and meaning of the journey on converging toward overseas spirit-mountains so that we can understand the participants religious practice meaning and individual transformation. Based on the data of fieldwork and deep interview at the "Lin-Jing" temple in Kaohsiung during the year of 2006 and from 2008 to 2010, we found the following results. First of all, this overseas practice journey has its circle structure－starting from the dreams, making them meaningful, practicing and believing, and then generating the dreams again and again. Secondly, the knowledge system of this journey includes ending the cause and effect, accumulating "Yin" virtues, receiving the original soul, and cultivating the soul body. Third, the ritual practice meanings are presented at the three stages of entry, experience and departure. Fourth, this journey reveals a kind of "integrative rite" with the qualities of "trans-nationalization" and "expanding-connection". Finally, the participants create the chance to communicate with the world and find their belonging.