荷蘭殖民時代熱蘭遮與麻六甲的港埠空間佈局比較

A Comparative Study of the Spatial Layout of Port Zeelandia and Malacca in the Dutch Colonial Age

在17世紀的荷蘭亞洲殖民地版圖中，熱蘭遮與麻六甲是兩座重要港埠城市，一座在太平洋邊緣，另一座在印度洋邊緣。對臺灣歷史而言，熱蘭遮是第一座人為開發的港埠，也是各地移民源源不絕來到這座島嶼的關鍵口岸，人文意義重大。只是，隨著時代的演進，它早已消逝在不斷變遷的海岸環境裡。透過對兩座港埠歷史圖像的比對與分析，本研究希望能夠進一步探索荷蘭人殖民港埠的空間規劃方式，同時檢視臺灣最古老港埠的空間內涵。有鑑於本文探討的是三個多世紀前的古老港埠，因此我們首先將針對它們的歷史背景進行扼要說明。接著，我們將依序個別針對熱蘭遮與麻六甲的港埠空間佈局進行解讀。然後，我們將從殖民地的港埠定位、自然環境對空間規劃的影響、船運物流機制的整合模式、以及港埠安全策略等四個觀點，來比較這兩座命運截然不同的港埠在空間規劃上的異與同。

In the Dutch Asian colonial empire in the 17th century, Port Zeelandia and Malacca were primary regional bases, one on the edge of the Pacific Ocean and the other on the Indian Ocean. As the very first developed port in Taiwan, Zeelandia was the key terminal through which innumerable immigrants from surrounding regions came to this island, so it has a special significance for Taiwanese history and culture. However, as time has passed, Zeelandia has already disappeared in the ever-changing seashore. Through the comparative analysis of old maps and pictures of these two ports, we hope to explore the planning of Dutch colonial ports and to reconstruct the spatial layout and environs of the oldest port in Taiwan. Because of the diverse pasts of these two ports, we first briefly elaborate on their historical backgrounds. We then interpret individually the spatial layout of both Port Zeelandia and Malacca and compare their layouts from four viewpoints: their positions in the Dutch Asian colonial empire, the influence of natural factors on how they were planned, the integration mechanisms of shipping logistics at each location, and their port security policies.