照明因子對工作績效的影響--以四種照明情境為例

Effects of Illumination Factors on Task Performance—Using Four Situations as an Example

人工照明的光刺激對現代人工作表現的影響，在一般人待在室內的時間已高達八九成的今天，已成為不得不重視的課題。過往探討視覺表現的研究大多以瞬間視力為指標，缺乏時間軸的追蹤，難以反映真實情況中工作行為必須持續一段時間的事實。而且，真實的工作者的視野範圍往往呈現動態變化，純粹以視力為指標，難以涵蓋各種複雜的視覺工作情形。本研究以四種照明情境為對象，透過受測者實驗，探討色溫度因子對工作績效的影響。四種情境分別是：精密工作場所（直接/全般照明，T8燈管，桌上照度1500lx）、一般工作場所（直接/全般照明，T8燈管，桌上照度780lx）、住宅客廳（直接/集中照明，省電燈泡，桌上照度200lx）與咖啡廳（間接/周邊照明，省電燈泡，桌上照度80lx）等四種。前兩種的色溫度包括3000K、4000K與6500K，後兩種包括2700K與6500K。研究結果顯示，在精密工作與一般工作的情境下，3000K有六項次的工作表現較佳，6500K有五項，4000K只有四項次。在直接/集中照明的住宅客廳情境下，2700K與6500K的工作績效沒有顯著差異。在間接/周邊照明的咖啡廳情境下，2700K有五項的工作績效較佳，而6500K僅有三項較佳。雖然不同色溫度的光源各有較適合的工作課題，但整體來說，在黃光下表現較佳的工作課題種類數比白光略多一些。另外，在照度方面，照度780lx（一般工作）的工作績效普遍都比1500lx（精密工作）好，其原因推測與眩光的產生有關。

When conserving or reusing historic buildings in Taiwan, an earthquake zone, it is critical to ensure their seismic capacity. The methods published by the Japanese Building Disaster Prevention Association have often been used in Taiwan to assess a building’s performance during an earthquake, found by dividing the required strength by the constructed strength. In recent years earthquake engineering has emphasized the importance of quantitative data in determining earthquake performance. In this study, performance evaluation and design is used to conduct seismic evaluation of historic Japanese wooden houses. Three school office buildings damaged in the 2010 Jiashian earthquake were selected. First, the lateral resistance capacity of building structures was determined according to experimental data such as for wooden joints and bamboo-plaster walls. Then using the response spectrum method, the response drift angle of structures was obtained, which corresponds directly to a certain damage level based on experimental results. Comparison of the evaluation results and the damage observed following the Jiashan earthquake shows a high degree of correlation. Thus this method provides a practical and reliable technique for the seismic evaluation of historic Japanese wooden buildings. Note that variations in strength of wooden members due to durability has not yet been taken into consideration.