都市更新、建築容積移轉與獎勵的經濟效率性

The Economic Efficiency of the Transfer and Reward of Building Bulk in Urban Renewal

在都市發展的過程中，許多政府都採行了土地使用分區管制 (zoning) 制度，來消弭土地間的不相容利用，並以「都市計畫」來指導都市發展的軌跡。然而，都市的發展樣貌，並不一定配適於現代人們的生活所需。為了解決都市發展的瓶頸，重建都市中的窳陋地區，「都市更新」成為必要的手段。台灣政府也擬定了「都市更新條例」，試圖藉由輔導與獎勵並進的方式，重新活化都市的土地利用。條例中有關建築容積移轉與獎勵的相關規定，是都市更新案成功與否的關鍵。本研究從制度經濟的面向來檢視都市更新，認為現行的容積移轉與獎勵措施可以提升都市更新案的Marshall經濟效率性；但如果欲進一步滿足較嚴格的Pareto效率，則必須特別關注容積移轉與獎勵所造成的環境外部性。

In the process of urban development, many governments use the zoning system to eliminate land use nonconformity, and use urban planning to guide urban growth. However, the pattern of contemporary urban growth may not be suitable for the needs of people. In order to overcome the bottleneck of urban development and hence rebuild the outdated urban regions, “urban renewal” has become a necessary policy for governments. In Taiwan, the government has attempted through the “Urban Renewal Act” to use economic incentives and assistance programs to revitalize the use of urban land. It turns out that the regulations regarding the transfer and the reward of building bulk in the Urban Renewal Act are factors key to the success of urban renewal. This research focuses on the economic efficiency of urban renewal from an institutional perspective, and concludes that the current regulations regarding the transfer and reward of building bulk may increase the Marshall efficiency of urban renewal. However, if we further expect these regulations to also satisfy the Pareto criterion, attention should be paid to the negative environmental externalities arising from these regulations.