植栽及透水鋪面對街道表面溫度之模擬

Simulation of the Influences of Planting and Pervious Pavement on the Street Surface Temperature

都市化導致都會生活空間品質日漸惡化，其中都市化所造成之熱島效應更是熱舒適惡化之主要原因之一，對於地小人稠的台灣而言，都市高溫現象更是明顯，近年相關研究發現，都市中常見之綠地、植栽、透水性鋪面及水體等，因具有大熱容量之物理特性，可有效吸收熱量，並藉由蒸發散的功能促使空氣溫度降低，達到調節微氣候的效果，維持微氣候之穩定（孫振義等，2010；林子平等，2001）。故本研究透過台中水湳經貿園區之街道形式配置模擬，設定不同鋪面之熱通量以及植栽孔隙率，藉由模擬熱通量之吸、放熱研究透水鋪面、不透水鋪面及植栽葉面密度對於街道熱環境之影響研究。研究中實際量測透水及不透水鋪面之熱通量以及人行高度之風速作為CFD邊界條件設定之參考，調整CFD模型進行不同鋪面類型與植栽葉面密度之變因分析，部分研究結果可知，鋪面種類之熱通量設定差距越大，鋪面溫度差異越大，與設定之基準溫度相比，鋪面溫度最多上升177.7%，透過植栽設定模擬可知，種植喬木的透水鋪面溫度最多較設定之基準溫度下降25.9%。

Urbanization gradually results in the deterioration of the quality of life. One of the main reasons for deterioration in the comfort level is the heat island effect. In Taiwan where there is high population density on a small piece of land, the phenomenon of high temperature in urban area is especially evident. In recent studies, it has been found that green land, vegetation, pervious pavement and water bodies can regulate a micro-climate because of their high thermal capacity. Those elements can effectively absorb a large quantity of heat and reduce the air temperature (Sun, 2010; Lin, et al., 2001). The present study selected Taichung Gateway Park as an example specifying heat flux and tree porosity under different conditions. Through simulation, the effect on the thermal environment of different pavements and tree porosities was investigated. The experimental results including heat flux of various pavements and wind speeds at pedestrian level were used for the specification of boundary elements in CFD calculations. After validation, parameter studies were carried out under other conditions. Part of the results shows the highest pavement temperature can reach approximately 177.7% compared to the reference temperature. The use of pervious pavement with trees can reach a maximum of a 25.9% difference from the reference temperature.