低矮型鋼筋混凝土建築結構耐海嘯能力之研究

Study on Tsunami-resistance of Low-rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings

鑑於2011年3月11日日本發生東北外海規模9.0強震，並引發大規模海嘯，造成超過2萬人死亡和失蹤，其中大多數因海嘯侵襲沿海鄉鎮而受難。反觀我國四面環海，部分沿海區域亦暴露在高海嘯風險之下，殷鑑不遠，應及早作好海嘯防範之準備，避免人民生命財產受到侵害。
本文由海嘯之參數（溢淹高度、流速及通量）進行水理分析，求取海嘯作用於結構之衝擊力，再將衝擊力等相關受力轉化為等效之海嘯作用力，是為低矮型鋼筋混凝土建築結構耐海嘯之需求。由結構之參數（尺寸、配筋及材料強度），進行側推分析，從而取得低矮型鋼筋混凝土建築結構耐海嘯之容量。根據低矮型鋼筋混凝土建築結構耐海嘯之需求及容量，評估其耐海嘯之能力，進而研判作為海嘯避難場所之可行性。

The Mw 9.0 earthquake occurred in the northeast of Japan, on March 11, 2011, which generated an enormous tsunami disaster that caused the death or injury of over 20,000 people and caused massive infrastructure destruction along the northeast coast of Japan. According to the experience from Japan for deeply thinking purposes, Taiwan is also exposed to a high risk of tsunami damage. Therefore, well-prepared measures are necessary to prevent our society from tsunami disasters.
In this study, hydraulic parameters of flow velocity, depth, momentum flux and structural dimensions are considered to simulate the run-up behavior of tsunami wave propagation by the shallow water wave approach. The results of tsunami wave simulation can estimate the load effects of tsunamis, which are the requirement for tsunami resistance in the design of low-rise reinforced concrete buildings. Nonlinear static structural analysis can, at the same time, arrive at capacity for tsunami resistance. Thus, according to the demand and capacity for tsunami resistance, we can design a low-rise refuge building.