雙生涯成人工作家庭角色衝突與優勢經驗之探究

Work-Family Conflict and Enrichment: An Exploratory Study of Dual-Career Adults’ Experience

研究目的為探究工作家庭衝突與優勢經驗，參與者為每週工作40小時以上及未滿18歲以下孩子需照顧之雙生涯成人，共41位，平均年齡為38.4歲（標準差為6.81）。研究者設計訪談大綱，以焦點團體訪談進行資料蒐集，所得資料以質性研究紮根方法進行分析。研究結果分為三部分，第一、工作家庭衝突經驗分為背景因素、衝突內涵以及因應調適等部分。背景因素是工作型態與制度、家庭結構、社會文化影響以及資源系統協助。衝突內涵分為工作對家庭之衝突及家庭對工作之衝突，前者歸納為外在層面及自我內在層面，後者分為工作投入/表現、職涯發展以及自我內在層面。工作家庭衝突之因應方法，包括技能因應與內在調適。第二、工作家庭優勢經驗結果中，工作對家庭的優勢及家庭對工作的優勢，可分別歸納為資源利益和心靈意義層面。工作對自我的優勢為成就感、自尊與自信的提升，與社會的連結及自我成長。家庭對個人的優勢為個人心智走向成熟穩定、生活充實意義及幸福滿足。第三，衝突、優勢及自我三方面為相互影響的互動關係。根據上述研究結果進行討論，提出對諮商實務與研究上的建議。

The study aimed to explore the work-family conflict and enrichment experience of dual-career adults. The participants were 41 adults who worked over 40 hours per week and lived with their children under 18 years old. Participants’ age ranged from 28 to 55 (M = 38.4 years; SD = 6.81 years). Data were col¬lected from nine focus groups and were analyzed using the grounded theory. The results were divided into experience of work-family conflict and experience of work-family enrichment. The experience of work-family conflict was induced into background, conflict experience, and coping strategies. The back¬ground consisted of job type and system, family structure, the influence of society and culture, and the resources system. The conflict experience was divided into work to family conflict experience and fam¬ily to work conflict experience. The former included the conflict in the external family and the conflict within the inner self, whereas the latter was comprised of the conflicts of work involvement and perfor¬mance, the conflict of career development, and the conflict within the inner self. The coping strategies were skills/abilities and cognitive adaptation. The experience of work-family enrichment entered into work-family enrichment, family-work enrichment, work experience enrichment for the self and family experience enrichment for the self. Both work-family enrichment and family-work enrichment were re¬lated to resources/benefits, and spiritual meaning. The work experience enrichment for the self included enhancing the sense of achievement, self-esteem, confidence, self-growth and the connection to society. The family experience enrichment for the self included the balance being maintained in life, and provid¬ing a more fulfilling life. In dual-career adults' experience, conflict, enrichment and self interacted and were closely correlated to each other. A discussion based on the results and suggestions for practice and future studies were provided.