大學校園自殺防治工作之挑戰：以諮商中心的經驗為本

Challenges to Suicide Prevention and Intervention: From the Perspectives of College Counseling Centers

本研究旨在探究國內大學校園自殺防治工作，從諮商中心的視角來檢視所面臨之挑戰。本研究邀請十三位服務於大學諮商中心之現職專業助人工作者，透過半結構式訪談蒐集研究資料，並參酌紮根理論取向進行質性分析；分析步驟主要採開放性編碼、主軸編碼及選擇編碼的程序，進行資料的層次處理及分析，然後提取核心主題作為研究結果。研究結果發現，國內大學諮商中心在處理校園自殺危機案例時所面臨之挑戰，可歸結成五大項目：（一）「助人者缺乏專業培訓、需直接進入現場處遇」的挑戰；（二）「諮商中心多元預防宣導，自殺者仍難以辨識」的挑戰；（三）「自殺預防及處遇時，跨單位系統形成合作共識」的挑戰；（四）「危機應變機制中，校園執行溝通與實踐歷程」的挑戰；以及（五）「三級預防中後續處遇之相關知能」的挑戰。最後，研究者將結果進一步歸納成助人者個人專業、諮商中心倡議、校園整合的三個層面，進行討論並提出建議。

The present study aimed to investigate the challenges encountered in suicide prevention and intervention programs by examining the perspectives of professional counselors in different college counseling cen¬ters. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen professionals. Data were analyzed based on grounded theory and processed by the sequential extractions of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, which produced five major challenges. First, the challenge came from a lack of sufficient professional training and practical experience. Second, counseling centers faced the challenge to identify suicidal students, in spite of the centers’ diverse promotional activities for crisis prevention. Third, there was the challenge of establishing consensual understanding in school-based cross-divisional collaboration on suicide prevention and intervention. Fourth, the challenge came from the communica¬tion and actual operation of a school-based crisis-responding procedure. Lastly, the challenge lied in the promotion of concepts and practice about postvention. Based on the findings, the researchers offered suggestions on three major areas to counteract: training for helping professionals, promotions by coun¬seling centers, and integration of on-campus collaboration.