空間創生的社會創新模型建構：以創新擴散理論為視角

A Social Innovation Model Building of Placemaking Revitalization: A Perspective of Innovation Diffusion Theory

近年於政府積極推動文化創意產業之趨勢下，各地方政府開始推動文化空間與社區設計再生，並進行文史資產的重論述與復甦，惟發展至今，不論就國內外之實證研究或理論分析，均可發現文化元素的商業化或文化空間再生等創生模式，仍存在有多項待解挑戰。自學術研究與理論發展角度觀之，回顧近十年本土創意產業研究，多數文獻仍偏重於產業發展趨勢與定義比較或產業推動政策，亦有部份研究係針對文創產業之內容與文化資本特性或文創產業推動衍生之，惟對文化空間再生乃至創生模式之發展現況、轉型策略、社會價值創造與社會創新效益等重要面向，仍缺乏理論分析與實證之驗證，並為學術發展與實務推進上之缺口。因此，本研究將文化空間再生視為一社會創新現象與社會創新演進歷程，嘗試以社會創新擴散之角度，詮釋現有文化空間與社區設計再生的轉型歷程，並藉由傳統創新擴散理論所建構的理論框架，探討此些社會創新擴散歷程中的各階段發展要素。本文研究對象分別選取台南十鼓文創園區、台南林百貨、屏東港口社區、宜蘭深溝社區等四空間再生個案，採質性之詮釋型個案研究法，進行多個案之研究比較，以期探討此擴散機制下所建構的不同社會創新共創價值。在此研究缺口下，本計畫將進而探討並回答包括「誰是社會創新的共創者（Who？）」、「共創什麼社會創新與價值（What？）」、與「如何發展擴散此社會創新之歷程（How？）」等三階段研究問題。最後，並藉由研究個案社會創新擴散共同歷程因子之歸納評估，建構提出空間創生的社會創新擴散模型。研究結果發現，社會創新擴散可區分為三階段流程機制，包括深化培力階段（deepening）、倍增成長階段（upscaling）、與推展外溢階段（outreaching）。

This research aims to develop a social innovation model for regenerating the cultural-based and community-based space from the perspective of innovation diffusion theory. Many local governments have established numerous cultural and creative-based spaces with support of industry or cultural policy tools for regenerating the old area and historical assets. However, the view of social innovation was never used as a theoretical lens to explore the development efficacy of space regeneration, revitalization, and their co-create value. It should be further explored to examine the social innovation model of these stakeholders particularly in the analytical structure of innovation scaling-up and diffusion perspective. As a result, this study selects four major cultural and creative placemaking cases including cultural space making and community design innovation as research targets using the interpretative case study method and aiming to construct a theoretical building from case studies. The research question to be addressed is about who will participate the social innovation process to co-create the value. Secondly, the research question to be further raised is that what social innovation will be co-created in this social innovation creation and diffusion process with support of innovation diffusion factors. Finally, the research question will be discussed about how the social innovation system is developed through the social innovation model and all stakeholders’communication and interaction. The research results answer the above-mentioned research questions to construct a new social innovation model encompassing the deepening, upscaling, and outreaching development and diffusion phases.