鄰舍層面的社區復原力：達卡有機發展社區的研究

Community Resilience in Neighbourhood Level: Study of Organically Developed Neighborhood in Dhaka

在復原力思維中，人們在鄰里層面的決策參與會產生自由下而上的過程。復原力係指社會系統在應對災害並從災難中復原的能力，它增強了社會系統針對威脅而進行重組、更改和學習的能力。在最近的復原力思維中，社會和生態系統之間的相互關係正逐漸成為優先事項。社區復原能力是社區利用可用資源來應對、抵禦不利的狀況並從中進行復原的持續能力。透過實施復原計劃，社區得以團結起來並克服任何災難，同時在實體上和經濟上進行重建。同時，在社區融合中所創建的社交互動空間也會增加。 在亞洲不同國家中的社區使用周遭的自然元素（如河流，水箱等）來建立其社會適應力系統。自2015年以來，透過全球學術合作，“亞洲抗災力設計”（DRIA）已著手於某些亞洲城市在應對氣候變化威脅和反覆破壞的議程。在DRIA 2019中的設計競賽鼓勵提出有遠見的城市和建築設計建議，並鼓勵建築技術創新以確保社區的復原力，尤其是在氣候災難事件發生之前。 本文著重於鼓勵居民互動以創建平台的公共空間共享、建立人們對社會整合共享空間需求的認識，以確保社區在社區層級的互動。本研究提出了一個問題，亦即，共享的社區空間如何透過鼓勵強大的社交網絡來促進韌性，並以欽奈(Chennai)的Veerathamman神廟儲水池以及在擁擠的達卡舊城區Dholaikhal運河和Sikkatuli池塘兩岸的有機發達社區為例，本文還為這些社區空間中不同社會群體之間的空間互動所建立的社區適應力，提供了經驗證據。

In resilience thinking people's participation at the neighbourhood level in decision-making creates a bottom-up process. Resilience, which is defined as the ability of a social system to respond and recover from disasters, facilitates the ability of the social system to re-organize, change, and learn in response to a threat. In recent resilience thinking the interrelationship between social and ecological systems are gaining priorities. Community resilience is the continued ability of a community to utilize available resources to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse situations. By implementing a community resilience plan, a community can come together and overcome any disaster, while rebuilding physically and economically. Creating social interaction spaces in the neighbourhood social integration of the community can be increased. Communities build their social resilience system around or using natural elements like a river, water tanks etc. in different Asian countries.‘Designing Resilience in Asia' (DRIA) has taken up the agenda of addressing the threats and recurring damages of climate change in selected Asian cities since 2015 through global academic collaboration. In DRIA 2019, the design competition encouraged foresighted urban and architectural design proposals, as well as innovation in building technologies to ensure a community's resiliency, particularly before climate disaster events. This paper focuses on the shared common spaces that encourage the residents’interaction for creating a platform and creating awareness regarding the need for socially integrated shared spaces to ensure community interaction in the neighbourhood level. The study leads with the question of how the shared community spaces contribute to resilience by encouraging strong social networks. With an example of Veerathamman Temple Tank in Chennai and an organically developed neighbourhood on the banks of Dholaikhal canal and Sikkatuli pond in the congested old Dhaka, this paper also provides empirical evidence for spatial interaction between different social groups in those community spaces to build community resilience.