牟宗三「分別說」與「非分別說」辨析－－兼與馮輝明先生商榷

A Comparative Study on Mou Zongsan's 'Discriminating Speech' and 'Undiscriminating Speech': Discussion on Fung Yiu-Ming's Viewpoint

「分別說」與「非分別說」是牟宗三在《佛性與般若》中著重強調的一對概念，在他看來，整個中國佛教的發展歷史，可以通過「分別說」與「非分別說」這個模型來進行審視，此亦是牟宗三理解佛教，尤其是中國佛教的一個重要進路。本文梳理了牟宗三對「分別說」與「非分別說」的闡釋以及馮耀明對此一佛教術語及相關問題的分析，進而指出他們對同一術語得出不同結論和判斷的背後，實則是對佛教基本義理及其知識架構的分歧。本文認為，「非分別說」所代表的詭譎並非神秘，若依寬容原則，即使是採用分析的進路，也有如言語行為理論等思想資源能夠對此「非分別說」背後的佛法智慧予一種「析法空」意義下的解答。

Mou Zongsan laid great emphasis on 'Discriminating Speech' and 'Undiscriminating Speech' in his book 'Buddha-nature and Prajñā'. With the help of this pair of concepts, he examined and illustrated the history of Chinese Buddhism in his own philosophical way. After summarizing the meaning of 'Discriminating Speech' and 'Undiscriminating Speech' and also introducing Fung Yiu-ming's analytical criticism, this paper would argue that it is their different approaches towards Chinese Buddhism that rendered two very opposite views on 'Undiscriminating Speech'. From a sympathetic point of view of some basic ideas in Chinese Buddhism and also the Principle of Charity, 'Undiscriminating Speech' is not at all mysterious, but an literally paradoxical concept that can be analytically but still well explained through the Speech Act Theory and also other theories.