釋聖嚴環境思想與其教育意涵芻議

Shen Yen's Environmental Thinking and the Implication for Education

環境保護已成為全球共同努力的議題，除了從科學面解決當前危機之外，更要從教育面著手，以確保人類未來的生存環境。在環境保護觀點上，學術界開始擷取宗教領域的自然觀，其中佛教哲學開啟研究者相關的思考方向。釋聖嚴（1930－2009）從現代化觀點對佛教哲學重新詮釋，引為基礎建構出佛教哲學取向的環保觀點，並終身努力地推動與實踐，由於聖嚴將教育事業列為法鼓山核心發展方針之一，透過教育管道，其環保思想以多元方式傳播，具有不可忽視的影響力。聖嚴本身兼具宗教家與學者的身分，是以在詮釋佛教哲學上能有較為貼近現代思潮的解讀，並提出合理而非迷信的佛教論點，為教育提供一個符合教育意義的探討基礎。綜合本文內容，聖嚴環境思想的來源包括「人間佛教」思想、漢傳佛教禪、淨合流的傳統、漢傳佛教的哲學、印順思想以及留日經驗。由大乘經論中發掘出「心靈環保」的理論基礎，建構「四環」之說，以心靈環保為核心，推展出禮儀環保、生活環保以及自然環保之說，彼此間相互環扣，流通提升，以成就「人間淨土」為最終目的。以之觀看教育領域，發現佛學與教育之間，均以為人類品質有提升而向善、向上的可能，並依據心靈環保之說開展對教育的意義與啟示，強調價值澄清與反省。

Environmental protection has become an issue that requires the global efforts. To sustain our human future living environment, we should not only solve the current crises form the scientific aspect but also from the educational one. In the academia, the nature view in the religionary field is used to interpret on the environmental protection issue. Among all the religions, the Buddhist philosophy inspired the researcher's thouhts in this study. Shen Yen (1930-2009) reinterpreted the Buddhism from modern point of view, which constructed the fundation of environmentalism in Buddhist philosophy. At the same time, Shen Yen not only advocated but also put this idea into practice throughout his entire life. Since the education work has been taken as one of the cores of Dharma Drum Mountain, his environmental ideology is propagated in various ways through education and made an unignorable impacts. For Shen Yen himself is both an religionist and a academic, he is able to interpret Buddhist philosophy in a way that is closer to the current thoughts and trends.The reasonable and non superstitious Buddhist propositions forms a suitable basis for the discussion of educational philosophy. To sum up, this study analyzed the source of Shen Yen's environmental propositions which includes the ideology of Humanistic Buddhism,the traditions and philosphies of Chinese Buddhism, the philosophy from Master Yin-shun and his exeperice of studying in Japan. The theories of 'Protecting the Spiritual Environment' is based on the sutra of Mahayana Buddhism. Moreover, the idea of 'Four Kinds of Environmentalism' is centered around 'Protecting the Spiritual Environment' which derives 'Protecting the proprieties Environment', 'Protecting the life Environment' and 'Protecting the Nature Environment.' These 'Four Kinds of Environmentalism' are interrelated and elevate each other to achieve the final goal of 'Pure Land on Earth'. The result of this study shows that both of the Buddhism and education believe the possibility of enhancing the human beings' morals to seek after the good . Furthermore, what are the meanings and the inspirations that the idea of 'Protecting the Spiritual Environment' may bring to education would be discussed in this study as well.