疆域走出來－－原住民傳統領域之身體行動論述

Walking through Ancestral Lands: Visual Representations of Taiwan's Aboriginal Movements in Defense of Traditional Territory

「祖居地」、「舊部落」、「傳統領域」經常是台灣原住民族各類社會、文化活動的主要訴求議題。每個「重返舊遺址」或「舊部落勘查」事件，多少都意味著原先居處的不在，後代子孫依循老人家的指示，翻山越嶺尋覓著祖先活動與生活的地方。「移動身體去到某處」成為這些活動事件的共同主題與主軸，而每次走動的路徑都成為可能的疆域範圍。原住民對祖居地的一再重訪，用身體勞動將老人家口中的「原鄉」具體、實體化，這與當下社會生活中空間越來越非物質化的現象，有著完全不同的感受與表達，其中的深刻意涵將是本文聚焦之所在。本文將透過三部關於土地、部落地圖、爬山以及尋找原居地的台灣原住民族紀錄影片，所開啟的三個不同層次場所／地方營造的參與可能：一為拍攝過程中人事物遇合所營造的場所╱地方；二為鏡頭媒介下的某種再製、再現的場所╱地方；第三則是影片文本所提供對場所╱地方的認識、想像或理解的可能。進而探討三個相互關聯的問題區塊：（1）紀錄影像中的走路、身體活動與透露的感官經驗，如何去呈述關於土地、領域與族群故事的主題。（2）鏡頭前後的走路與身體行動，表述了何種有別於文字的或幾何、國家式的繪圖論述行動。（3）走路、身體行動所展現的與土地、傳統、文化與環境的倫理互動關係。透過本文分析與探討之核心議題，本文最終企圖帶出原住民傳統領域之身體行動論述以及透過影片所彰顯出來的視覺主權。

'Ancestral place', 'old tribe', and 'traditional territory' have often been the main appeal issues of aboriginal social and cultural activities in Taiwan. With the illustration of several Taiwan aboriginals documentaries on topics of land, tribal maps, hiking and searching for the original habitat, this essay investigates the following three inter-related questions through the embodiments and multiple sensory experiences evoked by the visual medium: (1) How do the walking, body movement and sensory experiences shown in the documentary footage narrate the themes of land, territory and ethnic legends? (2) What graphic-discursive actions are articulated by the walking and bodily movements shown in the documentaries, which differ from literal, geometrical and national discourse? (3) What are the interacting ethical relationships between land, tradition, culture and environment as expressed in these walking and body actions? By investigating and analyzing these core issues, this essay attempts to foreground the aboriginal body movement discourse of traditional territory and the visual sovereignty as manifested in these documentaries.