花蓮閩南語的方音差異及音變研究──花蓮市、瑞穗及富里三個方言點的調查研究

A Study of Sound Variation and Sound Change in the Taiwanese Southern Min of Hualien: A Survey of Three Varieties- Hualien City, Juisui and Fuli

本文調查花蓮市、瑞穗及富里三個閩南方言點，比較其異同並透過世 代差異探究音變趨勢。三個方言點多數音類變體分布類似，僅〈箴箴文〉 類、「還」字與陽入原調有所不同；共同音變是【dz】>【l】，〈居居〉類有文白 分讀趨勢，/o/往【ɔ】發展，元音系統朝/i, e, a, u, ɔ/五元音演變， 【-p】、【-t】、 【-k】尾陽入原調趨向中降短調【32】。本文釐清前人瑞穗方言陰、陽入不分之 說，瑞穗【-p】、【-t】、【-k】尾陽入原調趨近中降短調【32】，致陰、陽入原調不 分；但喉塞尾的陽入原調喉塞尾多丟失，讀中平長調【33】，與陽去原調混 同。富里陽入調多為高短調【55】，世代比較發現中降短調【32】將取代高調 成為強勢變體。本文以結構擴散解釋【dz】>【l】及不同韻尾陽入原調之變異， 並用催化演變及世界元音系統類型解釋花蓮元音系統的演變。

This study examines three varieties of the Taiwanese Southern Min dialect in Hualian: Hualien City, Juisui and Fuli. Firstly, we discovered that differences in sound variation occur mostly in the ''Zhen1 /Zhen1 literary〈箴箴文〉'' rhyme group, the word ''Huan 2 還'' and the lower register entering tone. Moreover, the following trends appear in all three dialect areas: the sound change pattern of [dz]>[l]; a trend toward vernacular and classical reading differences for the ''Ju 1 /Ju 1〈居居〉'' rhyme group; the phoneme /o/ developing into [ɔ]; and the lower register entering tone with [-p], [-t] and [-k] endings is trending toward becoming a mid-falling tone [32]. As for the Juisui dialect, the glottal stop ending in the lower entering tone is lost, with the tone changing to a mid-level tone [33], thus merging with the yang departing mid-tone. This paper applies the theory of structural diffusion to explain the [dz]>[l] shift as well as the differences in the evolution of lower entering tone with different endings. In addition, we use the catalytic evolution theory and the categories of the international vowel system to explain the evolution of vowels in Hualien.