從歐洲聯盟出口管制體系談對中國之武器禁運

Arms Embargo against China under EU Export Control System

對於是否解除對中國實施了十五年的武器禁運，近年來在歐洲聯盟內外皆引起了熱烈的論辯。法國與德國聯手，在歐盟內推動廢止對中國出售武器的禁令，然卻因國際輿論之反對、以及二○○五年北京人大制訂反分裂國家法而遇到極大阻礙。本文將探討制裁作為外交政策工具之目的與成效，接著回顧歐盟對外的制裁機制、對中國實施武器禁運的始末，並剖析歐盟制訂武器輸出行為準則的背景、內容及其最近的修訂；此外，亦將逐一審視歐盟機關和主要會員國對解禁的基本立場以及美、日等國際反應，最後並評估此議題未來可能的發展。

Whether to lift arms embargo against China, imposed in the wake of the Tiananmen Square event 17 years ago, has aroused keen debates in and outside the European Union in recent years. In order to end the ban on weapons sales to China, France and Germany advocate policy review within the EU. It encountered, however, a great deal of opposition and hindrance because of objections from world public opinions and of the Anti-Secession Law passed by the National People's Congress in Beijing. This article will discuss the objectives and effectiveness of sanctions as a tool of foreign policy. Then it will explore EU's mechanism of sanctions and the whole evolution of arms embargo against China and analyze the content and recent revision of EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. In addition, the author will deliberately examine the standpoints of EU institutions and Member States on lifting arms embargo, as well as international responses, especially from the United States and Japan. The author concludes the potential development of this issue in the future.