民主化運動與憲政改革－－巴西與墨西哥之比較研究

Democratization and the Transition of Constitution: the Comparative Cases of Brazil and Mexico

根據Samuel P. Huntington等人的看法，一股所謂「第三波」民主化浪潮自1970年代中期起便開始席捲世界各地，從而不僅使包括蘇聯集團在內的第二世界國家與更多的第三世界國家因此而邁向民主化的道路，更使民主思想在二十世紀末儼然成為意識型態的主流。在這波浪潮下，民主化固然是一個明顯的方向，但由於各國在政治環境與條件上的差異，因政治內涵變遷所導致的制度結果也不盡相同。在本文中，我們便試圖以同樣位於拉丁美洲，且同樣在此時期經歷民主化運動的巴西與墨西哥為例，說明各國可能採取的憲政制度改革途徑。

According to the observations of such as Samuel P. Huntington, since the mid-1970s, we could find the so-called ''Third Wave of Democratization'' almost everywhere in the world, including the countries of ''the Second World''(the Soviet bloc) and ''the Third World''(especially in East Asia and Latin America). Because so, not only many countries chose the democratic system, but the Democracy also seems to become the main ideology of the late 20th Century. Anyway, in this paper, we try further to realize what will happen between democratic movement and transition of constitutional system. Brazil and Mexico (all in Latin America) will be our focus and illustrations.